Dual mechanisms of negative priming.
Dual mechanisms of negative priming.
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负启动的双重机制。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.23.3.632
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stoltzfus,ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kane,MJ;May,CP;Hasher,L;Rahhal,T;Stoltzfus,ER
三个实验考察了负启动是否由抑制机制和记忆过程产生的双重决定效应。年轻人（实验1）和老年人（实验1 - 3）在不同的程序中进行测试，以诱导检索先前试验的可能性。这是通过使测试-试验目标解码困难（实验1和2）或通过使先验信息在一些非负启动试验中有用（实验3）来实现的。年轻人在检索和非检索条件下表现出负启动效应，其表现模式表明负启动效应的来源不同。老年人只有在检索诱导条件下才表现出负启动，这与老年人缺乏抑制机制的观点一致。数据表明，语境变量关键地决定了负启动是否主要是由于抑制或情景检索。
Three experiments examined whether negative priming is a dually determined effect produced by inhibitory mechanisms and by a memorial process. Younger adults (Experiment 1) and older adults (Experiments 1–3) were tested in procedures that varied the likelihood of inducing retrieval of the prior trial. This was done by making test-trial target decoding difficult (Experiments 1 & 2) or by making prior information useful on some nonnegative priming trials (Experiment 3). Younger adults demonstrated negative priming under retrieval and nonretrieval conditions, with patterns of performance indicating different sources of negative priming effects. Older adults showed negative priming only under retrieval-inducing conditions, consistent with the view of deficient inhibitory mechanisms for older adults. The data suggest that contextual variables critically determine whether negative priming is largely due to inhibition or to episodic retrieval.