4D XCAT phantom for multimodality imaging research
4D XCAT phantom for multimodality imaging research
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DOI：
10.1118/1.3480985
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Tsui, B. M. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Segars, W. P.;Sturgeon, G.;Tsui, B. M. W.
目的：作者开发了用于多模态成像研究的4D扩展心脏躯干（XCAT）体模。方法：在XCAT中使用非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）和细分曲面定义了成年男性和女性的高度详细的全身解剖结构。基于国家医学图书馆的可见男性和女性解剖数据集以及患者数据集的分割。利用这些表面的灵活性，可视人体解剖结构进行了转换，以匹配第50百分位数（身高和体重）男性和女性的身体测量和器官体积。使用PEOPLESIZE程序获得模型所需的身体测量值，该程序包含美国成年人从第1百分位数到第99百分位数的人体测量尺寸。根据ICRP出版物89 [ICRP，“Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection：reference values，”ICRP出版物89（International Commission on Radiological Protection，纽约，NY，2002）]确定所需的器官体积。男性和女性解剖结构用作标准模板，在此基础上，可以通过用户定义的参数在XCAT中对解剖结构变化进行建模。基于高分辨率心脏和心脏门控多层CT数据，还将心脏和呼吸运动的参数化模型纳入XCAT。为了证明该模型的实用性，作者使用公开的模拟软件包在PET、SPECT和CT中进行了示例模拟研究。结果：如试点研究所示，4D XCAT（包括数千个解剖结构）与成像过程的精确模型相结合时，可以产生逼真的成像数据。利用NURBS曲面基元的灵活性，可以模拟任意数量的不同解剖结构、心脏或呼吸运动或模式以及空间分辨率，以进行成像研究。由于能够在各种成像参数下从正常和异常患者群体中生成逼真的预测性3D和4D成像数据，作者得出结论，XCAT在成像研究中提供了一个重要的工具，以评估和改进成像设备和技术。在X射线CT领域，体模还可以提供必要的基础，在图像质量与辐射剂量方面优化临床CT应用，这是一个随着CT使用的增加而变得更加重要的研究领域。(C)2010年美国医学物理学家协会。[DOI 10.1118/1.3480985]
Purpose: The authors develop the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom for multimodality imaging research.Methods: Highly detailed whole-body anatomies for the adult male and female were defined in the XCAT using nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) and subdivision surfaces based on segmentation of the Visible Male and Female anatomical datasets from the National Library of Medicine as well as patient datasets. Using the flexibility of these surfaces, the Visible Human anatomies were transformed to match body measurements and organ volumes for a 50th percentile (height and weight) male and female. The desired body measurements for the models were obtained using the PEOPLESIZE program that contains anthropometric dimensions categorized from 1st to the 99th percentile for US adults. The desired organ volumes were determined from ICRP Publication 89 [ICRP, "Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values," ICRP Publication 89 (International Commission on Radiological Protection, New York, NY, 2002)]. The male and female anatomies serve as standard templates upon which anatomical variations may be modeled in the XCAT through user-defined parameters. Parametrized models for the cardiac and respiratory motions were also incorporated into the XCAT based on high-resolution cardiac-and respiratory-gated multislice CT data. To demonstrate the usefulness of the phantom, the authors show example simulation studies in PET, SPECT, and CT using publicly available simulation packages.Results: As demonstrated in the pilot studies, the 4D XCAT (which includes thousands of anatomical structures) can produce realistic imaging data when combined with accurate models of the imaging process. With the flexibility of the NURBS surface primitives, any number of different anatomies, cardiac or respiratory motions or patterns, and spatial resolutions can be simulated to perform imaging research.Conclusions: With the ability to produce realistic, predictive 3D and 4D imaging data from populations of normal and abnormal patients under various imaging parameters, the authors conclude that the XCAT provides an important tool in imaging research to evaluate and improve imaging devices and techniques. In the field of x-ray CT, the phantom may also provide the necessary foundation with which to optimize clinical CT applications in terms of image quality versus radiation dose, an area of research that is becoming more significant with the growing use of CT. (C) 2010 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3480985]