Comparative toxicities of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides to aquatic macroarthropods
Comparative toxicities of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides to aquatic macroarthropods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.091
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Rohr, Jason R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Halstead, Neal T.;Civitello, David J.;Rohr, Jason R.
随着农业扩大和集约化以满足日益增长的全球粮食需求，杀虫剂的使用也会增加，从而增加非目标效应的风险。杀虫剂污染对在淡水生态系统中发挥重要功能作用的水生大型节肢动物构成特别的威胁。因此，了解杀虫剂对非目标官能团的相对毒性对于预测对生态系统功能的影响至关重要。我们暴露了两种常见的大型节肢动物捕食者，小龙虾Procambarus alleni和水虫Belostoma flumineum，三种杀虫剂中的每两种杀虫剂类（三种有机磷：毒死蜱，马拉硫磷，特丁磷;和三种拟除虫菊酯;高氰戊菊酯，三氟氯氰菊酯，氯菊酯），以评估其毒性。我们使用美国环保署地表水污染计算器生成了150个模拟环境暴露，以确定超过美国环保署非濒危水生无脊椎动物关注水平（0.5 x LC 50）的估计峰值环境浓度（EEC）的比例。有机磷杀虫剂对阿氏原杆菌和流感嗜血杆菌均产生了持续的低风险暴露情景（EEC < 0.5 x LC 50）。拟除虫菊酯暴露情景对阿氏肺孢子虫始终呈现高风险（EEC> 0.5 x LC 50），但对B则不然。氟胺菌，其中只有氯氟氰菊酯产生持续的高风险接触。存活分析表明，杀虫剂种类分别解释了阿氏疟原虫和B种的55.7%和91.1%的变异。flumineum生存，分别。因此，通过农药类别可以很好地预测对非目标生物的风险。确定对水生大型节肢动物构成低风险的杀虫剂可能有助于满足日益增长的食物需求，同时减轻对生态系统功能的潜在负面影响。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
As agricultural expansion and intensification increase to meet the growing global food demand, so too will insecticide use and thus the risk of non-target effects. Insecticide pollution poses a particular threat to aquatic macroarthropods, which play important functional roles in freshwater ecosystems. Thus, understanding the relative toxicities of insecticides to non-target functional groups is critical for predicting effects on ecosystem functions. We exposed two common macroarthropod predators, the crayfish Procambarus alleni and the water bug Belostoma flumineum, to three insecticides in each of two insecticide classes (three organophosphates: chlorpyrifos, malathion, and terbufos; and three pyrethroids; esfenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin, and permethrin) to assess their toxicities. We generated 150 simulated environmental exposures using the US EPA Surface Water Contamination Calculator to determine the proportion of estimated peak environmental concentrations (EECs) that exceeded the US EPA level of concern (0.5 x LC50) for non-endangered aquatic invertebrates. Organophosphate insecticides generated consistently low-risk exposure scenarios (EECs < 0.5 x LC50) for both P. alleni and B.flumineum. Pyrethroid exposure scenarios presented consistently high risk (EECs > 0.5 x LC50) to P. alleni, but not to B. flumineum, where only lambda-cyhalothrin produced consistently high-risk exposures. Survival analyses demonstrated that insecticide class accounted for 55.7% and 91.1% of explained variance in P. alleni and B. flumineum survival, respectively. Thus, risk to non-target organisms is well predicted by pesticide class. Identifying insecticides that pose low risk to aquatic macroarthropods might help meet increased demands for food while mitigating against potential negative effects on ecosystem functions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.