Development of soil food web of microbes and nematodes under different agricultural practices during the early stage of pedogenesis of a Mollisol
Development of soil food web of microbes and nematodes under different agricultural practices during the early stage of pedogenesis of a Mollisol
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软土成土早期不同农业实践下微生物和线虫土壤食物网的发展
DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.04.011
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Zhang, Bin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Na;Pan, Feng-juan;Zhang, Bin
耕作和有机改良等农业措施影响土壤食物网的发展。然而，这种影响在土壤形成的初始阶段并没有得到很好的理解。本研究利用一个在暴露母质的黑土上进行的8年田间试验，目的是：（1）确定农业措施对土壤食物网结构的影响，并与土壤线虫团和微生物群落本身的结构进行比较;（2）阐明与母质和成熟黑土有关的幼龄土壤食物网的发展;（3）识别这种关系的控制因素。微生物生物量的磷脂脂肪酸和丰富的线虫公会的增加，在外地的治疗相比，父母的材料由一个更大的幅度在革兰氏阳性（G+）细菌和植物寄生虫（PP）线虫下多年生植物比下种植。食菌线虫（Ba）功能团的丰度与总细菌的微生物量显著相关，而与G+或G细菌的微生物量不相关。土壤总钡量尤其是Ba 1线虫团的丰度与土壤有机碳及其相关养分含量呈正相关。土壤微生物群落结构与土壤食物网结构的关系不明显，而与线虫的功能团结构相似。通过轴1将多年生植物下的土壤和种植下的土壤之间的食物网结构分开，通过轴2将施肥和不施肥的土壤与土地利用无关。轴1的分离主要由PP线虫驱动，与高C：N土壤相关，表明土地利用类型的决定性作用;轴2的分离主要由Ba线虫和细菌驱动，与土壤理化性质相关，表明土壤碳和养分的作用。有机质含量较高的耕地土壤的食物网结构与成熟软土相似。这些结果表明，土壤食物网在早期成土过程中可以快速发展与恢复措施和发展的土地利用类型比土壤管理措施的影响更大。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Agricultural practices such as tillage and organic amendment influence development of the soil food web. However, such effects are not well understood at the initial stage of soil formation. Using an eight year field experiment established on exposed parent materials of a Mollisol, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the effects of agricultural practices on soil food web structure in comparison to the structures of soil nematode guilds and microbial communities, per se; (2) to elucidate the development of the food web of the young soils in relation to parent materials and a mature Mollisol; and (3) to identify the controlling factors of such relationships. The microbial biomass expressed in phospholipid fatty acids and the abundance of nematode guilds increased in the field treatments compared with parent materials by a larger magnitude in Gram positive (G+) bacteria and plant parasite (PP) nematodes under perennials than under cropping. The abundance of bacterivorous (Ba) nematode guilds was significantly correlated with microbial biomass of total bacteria, but not with that of G+ or G bacteria. The abundance of total Ba, particularly Ba1 nematode guilds was positively correlated with soil organic carbon and its related nutrient contents. Redundancy analysis showed that the structure of food web was similar to nematode guild structure rather than to soil microbial community structure among the soils. The food web structure was separated between the soils under perennials and those under cropping via Axis 1 and between fertilized and not fertilized soils irrespective of land uses via Axis 2. The separations via Axis 1 were mainly driven by PP nematodes in association with high C:N soils, suggesting the determinant effect of land use type, while the separations via Axis 2 were driven by Ba nematodes and bacteria in association with soil physical and chemical properties, indicating the role of soil carbon and nutrients. The food web in the arable soils with more organic amendments was similar to that of mature Mollisol. These findings suggest that soil food web at the early pedogenesis can develop quickly with restoration practices and the development was more affected by land use type than by soil management practices. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.