Streams in Forested Headwaters as Reservoirs of Endemicity in Bornean Amphibians
Streams in Forested Headwaters as Reservoirs of Endemicity in Bornean Amphibians
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森林源头的溪流是婆罗洲两栖动物特有的水库
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-26161-4_9
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Das
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Pui;I. Das
热带森林是著名的两栖动物丰富度和地方性中心。在这些森林中，嵌入式湿地，特别是溪流和其他湿地环境，是两栖动物多样性的重点区域。作为物种丰富度或地方性的水库，特定的溪流或溪流部分是否比其他溪流相对更重要？为了解决这个问题，我们研究了东马来西亚（婆罗洲）沙捞越姆鲁国家公园内的溪流两栖动物群落。选择了 6 条溪流，从双溪 Tapin（海拔 1,800 米）的源头到双溪梅林瑙系统内的低海拔溪流，这都是双溪都托的支流。在每条溪流处建立了 100 m 的样带，并在夜间沿每条样带进行标准化目视观测调查。经过 35 个晚上的累积采样工作，总共采集到了代表 41 个两栖动物物种的 262 只个体。我们的结果表明，与海拔较低的高阶溪流（500 m asl，75 %；<200 m，42-57 %）相比，低阶溪流（源头最高 - 80 %）的地方性更大。相比之下，较大溪流的物种多样性和物种丰富度明显更高。较低海拔溪流的物种组成彼此更为相似，但可以分为离散的大溪流和小溪流组合。这些结果表明，栖息在溪流中的两栖动物的物种组成受到溪流海拔或溪流宽度的影响。我们的研究结果强调了河岸栖息地，尤其是森林覆盖的源头，对于婆罗洲特有物种的栖息地的重要性，其中一些物种被列入全球受威胁物种名单。这些发现支持优先考虑溪流类型和溪流段，特别是在森林覆盖的源头内，作为区域保护战略。
Tropical forests are known centers of amphibian richness and endemicity. Within these forests, embedded wetlands, particularly streams and other lotic environments, are focal areas of amphibian diversity. Are specific streams or sections of streams relatively more important than others as reservoirs of species richness or endemicity? To address this question, we studied stream-dwelling amphibian assemblages within Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). Six streams were selected, ranging from the headwaters of Sungei Tapin (1,800 m asl) to low elevation streams within the Sungei Melinau system, both tributaries of Sungei Tutoh. A 100 m transect was established at each stream, and standardized visual encounter surveys conducted along each transect at night. A cumulative sampling effort from 35 nights yielded a total of 262 individuals representing 41 amphibian species. Our results indicate greater endemicity in lower order streams (headwaters highest- 80 %) compared to higher order streams at lower elevations (500 m asl, 75 %; <200 m, 42–57 %). In contrast, species diversity and species richness were significantly greater at larger streams. Species composition at lower elevation streams were more similar to one another, but could be separated into discrete large stream- and small stream- assemblages. These results suggest that species composition of stream-dwelling amphibians is affected by stream elevation or stream width. Our results underline the importance of riparian habitats, especially forested headwaters, in harboring Bornean endemics, a number of which are on the global list of threatened species. These findings support prioritization of stream types and stream segments, especially within forested headwaters, as a regional conservation strategy.