Dynamics of the Actin Cytoskeleton at Adhesion Complexes.

Dynamics of the Actin Cytoskeleton at Adhesion Complexes.
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DOI:
10.3390/biology11010052
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发表时间:
2021-12-30
期刊:
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
DeMali KA
DeMali KA
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cronin NM;DeMali KA

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人体内的所有细胞都会受到力的作用。为了承受这些力,细胞会重新排列并强化其细胞骨架。在这篇综述中,我们描述了肌动蛋白细胞骨架的结构以及它在细胞与细胞外基质以及细胞之间相互黏附部位的锚定情况。我们探讨了目前对于肌动蛋白细胞骨架如何受力重塑的理解。这种探讨表明细胞对力的反应是复杂且高度协调的。 细胞的形状会发生改变,以使细胞适应其不断变化的环境,包括对内部产生的力和外部施加的力做出反应。力是由细胞表面的黏附蛋白感知的,这些蛋白在细胞与细胞外基质结合的部位(黏着斑)以及与相邻细胞结合的部位(细胞 - 细胞连接或黏附连接)富集。这些黏附部位的受体刺激细胞内的信号转导级联反应,最终导致肌动蛋白细胞骨架发生显著变化。新的肌动蛋白丝形成,并且/或者新的和现有的肌动蛋白丝可以被切割、分支或捆绑。在此,我们讨论肌动蛋白细胞骨架及其功能。我们将探讨目前对于肌动蛋白细胞骨架如何与黏附部位连接的理解。最后,我们将重点介绍近期的研究,这些研究描述了这些黏附部位的肌动蛋白细胞骨架如何响应力而重塑。
All cells in the human body experience force. To withstand these forces, cells rearrange and reinforce their cytoskeletons. In this review, we describe the structure of the actin cytoskeleton and its anchorage at points where cells adhere to the extracellular matrix and one another. We examine the current understanding for how the actin cytoskeleton is remodeled by force. This examination reveals that the response of cells to force is complex and highly coordinated. The shape of cells is altered to allow cells to adapt to their changing environments, including responding to internally generated and externally applied force. Force is sensed by cell surface adhesion proteins that are enriched in sites where cells bind to the extracellular matrix (focal adhesions) and neighboring cells (cell–cell or adherens junctions). Receptors at these adhesion sites stimulate intracellular signal transduction cascades that culminate in dramatic changes in the actin cytoskeleton. New actin filaments form, and/or new and existing filaments can be cleaved, branched, or bundled. Here, we discuss the actin cytoskeleton and its functions. We will examine the current understanding for how the actin cytoskeleton is tethered to adhesion sites. Finally, we will highlight recent studies describing how the actin cytoskeleton at these adhesion sites is remodeled in response to force.
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