Quantifying the economic impact of government and charity funding of medical research on private research and development funding in the United Kingdom.
Quantifying the economic impact of government and charity funding of medical research on private research and development funding in the United Kingdom.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12916-016-0564-z
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发表时间：
2016-02-24
期刊：
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Grant J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sussex J;Feng Y;Mestre-Ferrandiz J;Pistollato M;Hafner M;Burridge P;Grant J
政府和慈善机构资助的医学研究和私营部门的研究与开发（R&D）被广泛认为是互补的。迄今为止，衡量这种互补性的唯一尝试是使用美利坚合众国的数据，但不可避免地越来越过时。本研究估计了英国（UK）政府和慈善机构生物医学和健康研究支出（单独和总体）对英国随后私营制药部门研发支出的影响程度。本研究的结果是通过拟合的计量经济学向量误差修正模型（VECM）的时间序列的生物医学和健康的R&D支出在英国的10个疾病领域（包括“其他”）的政府，慈善机构和私营部门。VECM模型将公共部门（即政府和慈善机构的总和）支出、私营部门支出和全球药品销售之间的关系描述为长期均衡和短期变动的组合。公共生物医学和健康研究支出与私人制药研发支出之间存在统计上显著的互补关系。在最佳拟合模型中，公共部门支出增长1%与私营部门支出增长0.81%相关。敏感性分析产生了类似的统计学显著结果，具有0.68的较小的正弹性。总体而言，公共研究支出每增加1英镑，英国私营部门的研发支出就会增加0.83- 1.07英镑;其中44%的额外私营部门支出发生在1年内，其余的则是几十年来的积累。这种溢出效应意味着英国公共生物医学和健康研究的真实的年回报率（就经济影响而言）为15- 18%。如果再加上之前对癌症和心血管疾病公共医学研究所带来的健康收益的估计，总回报率将在24- 28%左右。总的来说，这表明英国政府和慈善机构资助的研究在英国推动了更多的私营部门研发。英国政府和慈善机构资助的英国医学研究投资的隐含历史回报率与英国其他经济体的投资回报率相比更为有利，并且大大超过英国政府要求的3.5%的真实的年回报率。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12916-016-0564-z）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Government- and charity-funded medical research and private sector research and development (R&D) are widely held to be complements. The only attempts to measure this complementarity so far have used data from the United States of America and are inevitably increasingly out of date. This study estimates the magnitude of the effect of government and charity biomedical and health research expenditure in the United Kingdom (UK), separately and in total, on subsequent private pharmaceutical sector R&D expenditure in the UK. The results for this study are obtained by fitting an econometric vector error correction model (VECM) to time series for biomedical and health R&D expenditure in the UK for ten disease areas (including ‘other’) for the government, charity and private sectors. The VECM model describes the relationship between public (i.e. government and charities combined) sector expenditure, private sector expenditure and global pharmaceutical sales as a combination of a long-term equilibrium and short-term movements. There is a statistically significant complementary relationship between public biomedical and health research expenditure and private pharmaceutical R&D expenditure. A 1 % increase in public sector expenditure is associated in the best-fit model with a 0.81 % increase in private sector expenditure. Sensitivity analysis produces a similar and statistically significant result with a slightly smaller positive elasticity of 0.68. Overall, every additional £1 of public research expenditure is associated with an additional £0.83–£1.07 of private sector R&D spend in the UK; 44 % of that additional private sector expenditure occurs within 1 year, with the remainder accumulating over decades. This spillover effect implies a real annual rate of return (in terms of economic impact) to public biomedical and health research in the UK of 15–18 %. When combined with previous estimates of the health gain that results from public medical research in cancer and cardiovascular disease, the total rate of return would be around 24–28 %. Overall, this suggests that government and charity funded research in the UK crowds in additional private sector R&D in the UK. The implied historical returns from UK government and charity funded investment in medical research in the UK compare favourably with the rates of return achieved on investments in the rest of the UK economy and are greatly in excess of the 3.5 % real annual rate of return required by the UK government to public investments generally. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0564-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.