FPGA Implementation of a Chaotic Boltzmann Machine Annealer

FPGA Implementation of a Chaotic Boltzmann Machine Annealer
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混沌玻尔兹曼机退火器的 FPGA 实现

DOI:
10.1109/ijcnn54540.2023.10191342
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
H. Tamukoh
H. Tamukoh
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kanta Yoshioka;Yuichi Katori;Yuichiro Tanaka;O. Nomura;T. Morie;H. Tamukoh

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伊辛机因其解决大规模组合优化问题的能力而备受关注,因为这些问题很难解决。为了加速伊辛机的计算,正在进行具有数字电路的伊辛机的实现,例如模拟退火(SA)机。然而,数字电路上的这些伊辛机需要随机数发生器,这需要大量的电路资源来实现。本文主要研究混沌玻尔兹曼机,它用确定性混沌动力学来模拟玻尔兹曼机的随机行为。CBM是伊辛机中作为混沌模拟退火(CSA)机工作的模型之一。因此,我们可以实现的伊辛机没有随机数发生器,通过使用CBM。在传统的工作中,使用CBM的CSA机器(CBM-CSA)是用一些面向硬件的算法来实现的,但是CBM-CSA电路并没有针对这些面向硬件的算法进行优化。在传统的CBM-CSA电路中,存储器电路是单独实现的,这防止了使CBM-CSA变大,并且神经元电路需要复位累积值,这导致计算时间的增加。为了解决这些问题,我们只实现一个大的存储器电路,使CBM-CSA更大,并改善神经元电路,允许动态变化的输入到算术电路,以抑制计算时间的增加。最后,我们在FPGA(Alveo U250)上实现了一个4096节点的CBM-CSA,该CBM-CSA可以控制16位宽的权值,运行频率为100 MHz。我们通过求解组合优化问题之一的K4000最大割问题来评估所实现的CBM-CSA。CBM-CSA的最佳解决方案与中央处理器(CPU)上的SA的最佳解决方案相当。此外,根据这项工作的改进,CBM-CSA的速度大约是CPU上SA的600倍,大约是FPGA上传统Ising机的两倍。此外,这项工作在单个FPGA上实现了最高性能的伊辛机之一。
Ising machines are attracting attention for their ability to solve large-scale combinatorial optimization problems because these problems are difficult to solve. To accelerate the computing of Ising machines, implementation of Ising machines with digital circuits such as simulated annealing (SA) machines is in progress. However, these Ising machines on digital circuits require random number generators, which are implemented with large circuit resources. This work focuses on chaotic Boltzmann machines (CBMs), which imitate the stochastic behavior of Boltzmann machines (BMs) with deterministic chaotic dynamics. CBMs are one of the models that work as chaotic simulated annealing (CSA) machines within Ising machines. Therefore, we can implement the Ising machines without random number generators by using CBMs. In conventional work, CSA machines using CBMs (CBM-CSAs) are implemented with some hardware-oriented algorithms, but the CBM-CSA circuit is not optimized for these hardware-oriented algorithms. In the conventional CBM-CSA circuit, memory circuits are implemented separately, which prevents making the CBM-CSA from larger, and neuron circuits require the reset of accumulated values, which causes the increase in the calculation time. To solve these problems, we implement only one large memory circuit to make the CBM-CSA larger and improve the neuron circuits to allow dynamic changes of inputs to arithmetic circuits to inhibit the increase in the calculation time. As a result, we implement a CBM-CSA with 4096 nodes on an FPGA (Alveo U250), and the CBM-CSA can control 16-bit width weights and run at 100MHz. We evaluate the implemented CBM-CSA by solving K4000, max-cut problem, which is one of the combinatorial optimization problems. The best solution of CBM-CSA is comparable to that of the SA on the central processing unit (CPU). Moreover, the CBM-CSA is approximately 600 times as fast as the SA on the CPU and approximately twice as fast as the conventional Ising machine on an FPGA based on the improvements in this work. Furthermore, this work implements one of the highest-performance Ising machines on a single FPGA.
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