Biofilms in infections of the eye.
Biofilms in infections of the eye.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/pathogens4010111
复制
发表时间：
2015-03-23
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gilmore MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bispo PJ;Haas W;Gilmore MS
在各种环境中形成生物膜的能力是细菌的一个共同特征，并且可能代表了最早的抵抗捕食的防御之一。生物膜是多细胞群落，通常通过聚合物基质结合在一起，从荚膜材料到细胞裂解物。在施加扩散限制的结构中，环境微梯度出现，个体细菌适应其生理学，导致生理多样性的范围。此外，生物膜内细胞的接近通过使用可扩散信号的细胞-细胞通信为协调行为创造了机会，最有据可查的是群体感应。生物膜在非生物或生物表面上形成，因此与大部分人类感染相关。生物膜的形成限制了眼用装置的使用和设计，例如眼内透镜、后接触透镜、巩膜塞、结膜塞、泪道插管装置和眼眶植入物。在不存在非生物材料的情况下，在囊膜上和角膜基质中观察到生物膜。由于微生物生物膜参与许多眼部感染的证据已经变得令人信服，因此开发新的策略来防止它们的形成或在感染部位根除它们已成为优先事项。
The ability to form biofilms in a variety of environments is a common trait of bacteria, and may represent one of the earliest defenses against predation. Biofilms are multicellular communities usually held together by a polymeric matrix, ranging from capsular material to cell lysate. In a structure that imposes diffusion limits, environmental microgradients arise to which individual bacteria adapt their physiologies, resulting in the gamut of physiological diversity. Additionally, the proximity of cells within the biofilm creates the opportunity for coordinated behaviors through cell–cell communication using diffusible signals, the most well documented being quorum sensing. Biofilms form on abiotic or biotic surfaces, and because of that are associated with a large proportion of human infections. Biofilm formation imposes a limitation on the uses and design of ocular devices, such as intraocular lenses, posterior contact lenses, scleral buckles, conjunctival plugs, lacrimal intubation devices and orbital implants. In the absence of abiotic materials, biofilms have been observed on the capsule, and in the corneal stroma. As the evidence for the involvement of microbial biofilms in many ocular infections has become compelling, developing new strategies to prevent their formation or to eradicate them at the site of infection, has become a priority.