Assistive technology policy: a position paper from the first global research, innovation, and education on assistive technology (GREAT) summit
Assistive technology policy: a position paper from the first global research, innovation, and education on assistive technology (GREAT) summit
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DOI：
10.1080/17483107.2018.1468496
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Hooks, Hilary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacLachlan, Malcolm;Banes, David;Hooks, Hilary
对辅助技术 (AT) 的认识、兴趣和使用的提高为许多公民成为或继续成为有意义的社会参与者提供了大量机会。然而，AT 的需求和供应之间存在显着的差距，这是由一系列社会、人口和结构因素造成的。为了抓住辅助技术提供的机遇，迫切需要制定区域、国家和地方辅助技术政策。本文是为了全球辅助技术研究、创新和教育 (GREAT) 峰会的讨论而编写的；该活动是在世界卫生组织全球辅助技术合作 (GATE) 计划的赞助下组织的。它概述了 AT 政策应解决的一些关键原则，并认识到 AT 政策应根据实际情况和可用资源进行调整。辅助技术政策的制定应作为多个不同部门相关政策演变的一部分，并应与辅助技术有明确和直接的联系，作为实现可持续发展目标的调解者和调节者。政策的咨询过程、制定和实施应充分包容AT用户及其代表组织，贯穿整个生命周期，并充满强烈的系统思维精神。确定了阻碍和减少获得 AT 的六大障碍，并在本文中系统地予以解决。我们通过挪威 AT 服务的案例研究来说明良好实践的例子，并且我们注意到在资源匮乏的环境中遇到的挑战。还讨论了与 AT 相关的许多经济因素以及促进 AT 使用的经济论据。为了解决政策制定问题，强调了积极的公民意识和倡导的重要性，需要找到将良好社区实践扩大到更高水平的机制，以及政治参与对政策过程的重要性。政策应以证据为依据，并允许提供证据；然而，重要的是要考虑到给定背景下的其他因素，以便政策实用、真实和可操作。对康复的影响辅助技术领域政策的制定对于提供总体愿景和概述资源优先事项非常重要。本文确定了在制定或修订辅助技术政策时应解决的一些关键主题。每个国家都应制定国家辅助技术政策并为其实施制定变革理论。
Increased awareness, interest and use of assistive technology (AT) presents substantial opportunities for many citizens to become, or continue being, meaningful participants in society. However, there is a significant shortfall between the need for and provision of AT, and this is patterned by a range of social, demographic and structural factors. To seize the opportunity that assistive technology offers, regional, national and sub-national assistive technology policies are urgently required. This paper was developed for and through discussion at the Global Research, Innovation and Education on Assistive Technology (GREAT) Summit; organized under the auspices of the World Health Organization's Global Collaboration on Assistive Technology (GATE) program. It outlines some of the key principles that AT polices should address and recognizes that AT policy should be tailored to the realities of the contexts and resources available. AT policy should be developed as a part of the evolution of related policy across a number of different sectors and should have clear and direct links to AT as mediators and moderators for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The consultation process, development and implementation of policy should be fully inclusive of AT users, and their representative organizations, be across the lifespan, and imbued with a strong systems-thinking ethos. Six barriers are identified which funnel and diminish access to AT and are addressed systematically within this paper. We illustrate an example of good practice through a case study of AT services in Norway, and we note the challenges experienced in less well-resourced settings. A number of economic factors relating to AT and economic arguments for promoting AT use are also discussed. To address policy-development the importance of active citizenship and advocacy, the need to find mechanisms to scale up good community practices to a higher level, and the importance of political engagement for the policy process, are highlighted. Policy should be evidence-informed and allowed for evidence-making; however, it is important to account for other factors within the given context in order for policy to be practical, authentic and actionable.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe development of policy in the area of asssitive technology is important to provide an overarching vision and outline resourcing priorities.This paper identifies some of the key themes that should be addressed when developing or revising assistive technology policy.Each country should establish a National Assistive Technology policy and develop a theory of change for its implementation.