A new framework to measure entrepreneurial ecosystems at the regional level
A new framework to measure entrepreneurial ecosystems at the regional level
复制标题
衡量区域层面创业生态系统的新框架
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Coduras
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Sternberg;J. Bloh;A. Coduras
摘要“创业生态系统”（EES）是目前经济地理学中最流行的一个术语，也是许多国家创业支持政策实践中最流行的一个术语。由于其完全积极的含义，使用这一术语在创业支助从业人员中造成了不切实际的希望。学者们可能会想起以前所谓的区域经济政策的灵丹妙药，如集群，“创意类”成员或高科技产业。至于这些前辈，概念是“模糊的”（Markusen 1999），可用的语法是“稀少的”（同上）。决策者对它的看法过于简单化，完全是积极的，部分是天真的。在某种程度上，这是对EES含义的定义非常不明确的结果。正如一些学者所观察到的那样，EES话语的理论化不足并不是因为缺乏概念方法本身，而是因为缺乏令人信服的，理论上强有力的方法。事实上，大多数EES出版物都是概念性的，甚至是理论性的，通常没有任何严肃的经验基础。从我们的角度来看，后者有一个重要的后果：EES理论是薄弱的，因为缺乏代表性的，全面的和复杂的实证研究，指标和方法来衡量EES。本文提供了一个独特的尝试，以衡量EES在次国家一级的地区，也就是说，从我们的角度来看，最合适的空间水平，以确定和测量（和理论化）EES的区域创业文献提供了惊人的证据，有利于创业作为一个主要的区域（或地方）事件。我们的论文有助于当前的EES辩论，认为在国家以下一级的各种EES的一个强大的实证测量可能有助于提高质量的EES理论。我们建议从Erik Stam对EES的解释开始，基于十个“条件”，我们为他们开发了具体的变量，用于不同地区的具体数据收集工作。我们为这十种情况中的每一种情况制定了一个总体的EES指数以及国家以下一级的指数。我们还提出了一种方法来照顾各种加权问题的解决。我们的尝试已经在德国和西班牙成功地进行了预测试，同时在2018年进入了一个更雄心勃勃的试点阶段。本文的目的之一是从研究EES的学者那里得到关于我们所提出的方法的反馈。
Abstract The term ‘entrepreneurial eco-system’ (EES) currently belongs to the most popular ones in economic geography – and in the practice of start-up support policies in many countries, too. Due to its exclusively positive connotations the usage of this term creates unrealistic hopes among entrepreneurship support practitioners. Scholars may be reminded to previous supposed panaceas of regional economic policies like clusters, ‘creative class’ members or high-tech industries. As for these predecessors as well, the concept is “fuzzy” (Markusen 1999), the available empirics are “scanty” (ibid.) and its perception among policymakers is oversimplified, exclusively positive and partially naïve. To a degree, this is a consequence of an extremely unclear definition of what is meant by an EES. The undertheorization of the EES discourse, as observed by some scholars, is not due to a lack of conceptual approaches per se, but due to a lack of convincing, theoretically strong approaches. In fact, the majority of the EES publications is conceptual or even theoretical, usually without any serious empirical underpinning. From our perspective the latter has one important consequence: EES theory is weak because there is a lack of representative, comprehensive and sophisticated empirical studies, indicators and methods to measure EES. This paper provides a unique attempt to measure EES at the sub-national level of regions, that is, from our perspective, the most appropriate spatial level to identify and measure (and theorize) EES as the regional entrepreneurship literature provides striking evidence in favor of entrepreneurship as being primarily a regional (or local) event. Our paper contributes to the current EES debate by arguing that a robust empirical measurement of various EES at the sub-national level may help to improve the quality of EES theory. We propose to start with Erik Stam’s interpretation of an EES based upon ten “conditions” for whom we develop specific variables for application in concrete data collection exercises in different regions. We develop an overall EES index as well as subnational indices for each of the ten conditions. We also propose a method to care for the various weighting problems to be solved. Our attempt has been successfully pretested in Germany and Spain and has meanwhile entered a more ambitious pilot phase in 2018. One of this paper’s aims is to get feedback from scholars studying EES regarding our proposed method.