Phylogenetic analysis of psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench, including a description of the deep-sea species Psychrobacter pacificensis sp. nov.
Phylogenetic analysis of psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench, including a description of the deep-sea species Psychrobacter pacificensis sp. nov.
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DOI：
10.1099/00207713-50-2-835
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发表时间：
2000-03
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
A. Maruyama;D. Honda;Hiroyuki Yamamoto;K. Kitamura;T. Higashihara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Maruyama;D. Honda;Hiroyuki Yamamoto;K. Kitamura;T. Higashihara
通过PCR扩增细菌小亚基（16 S）rRNA基因序列分析，确定了从日本海沟分离的嗜冷细菌的系统发育位置。在表面和深海嗜冷菌之间，不同的位置在γ-变形菌门内明显不同。在系统发育分析中，使用相邻连接，最大简约和最大似然，从表面海水中的菌株被推断为位于家庭盐单胞菌aquamarina-naturana分支。然而，来自深海（5000-6000米）的菌株在莫拉菌科的莫拉菌-嗜冷杆菌分支中形成了一个新的单系分支，显示出与陆地和南极亲戚的分离。这些深海菌株在表型上也区别于其他已知的嗜冷杆菌属物种，例如在不存在NaCl的情况下生长受限（最佳在约3%NaCl下）、阳性尿素酶活性、从木糖和阿拉伯糖产酸以及存在多个菌毛。DNA-DNA杂交结果表明，6个深海菌株间的DNA相关性> 85%，16 SrDNA序列比对结果表明，6个深海菌株间的DNA相关性> 98%。根据这一证据，提出了一个新的物种，太平洋嗜冷杆菌，为这些深海嗜冷菌;太平洋嗜冷杆菌的模式菌株是菌株NIBH P2 K6 T（= IFO 16270 T）。在日本海沟深层海水和南极海面发现的嗜冷菌表明，深海细菌的栖息和进化是由与极地地区冷却海水下沉有关的全球深海环流介导的。
Phylogenetic positions of psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench were determined by sequencing analysis of PCR-amplified bacterial small subunit (16S) rRNA genes. Between surface and deep-sea psychrophiles, distinct positions clearly differed within the gamma-Proteobacteria. In phylogenetic analysis using neighbour-joining, maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood, strains from surface seawater were inferred to be located in the Halomonas aquamarina-meridiana clade within the family Halomonadaceae. Strains from deep seawater (5000-6000 m), however, formed a novel monophyletic clade within the Moraxella-Psychrobacter branch in the family Moraxellaceae, showing separation from terrestrial and Antarctic relatives. These deep-sea strains were also discriminated from other known Psychrobacter species in phenotype, e.g. limited growth in the absence of NaCl (optimum at about 3% NaCl), positive urease activity, acid production from xylose and arabinose, and the presence of multiple fimbriae. DNA relatedness values among six deep-sea strains were > 85% in DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and > 98% in aligned 16S rDNA sequences. From this evidence, a new species, Psychrobacter pacificensis, is proposed for these deep-sea psychrophiles; the type strain of Psychrobacter pacificensis is strain NIBH P2K6T (= IFO 16270T). Occurrence of psychrobacters in cold Japan Trench deep seawater and at the Antarctic sea surface suggests that deep-sea bacterial habitation and evolution have been mediated by global deep-ocean circulation linked to the sinking of cooled seawater in polar regions.