Urinary DAP metabolite levels in Thai farmers and their families and exposure to pesticides from agricultural pesticide spraying
Urinary DAP metabolite levels in Thai farmers and their families and exposure to pesticides from agricultural pesticide spraying
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DOI：
10.1136/oem.2010.060897
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
de Vocht, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanchenlaksh, Chalalai;Povey, Andrew;de Vocht, Frank
我们进行了一项生物标志物研究，以确定泰国农民及其家庭接触农药的特征，评估皮肤暴露途径的相对重要性，并确定决定农民家庭暴露水平的重要因素。方法16个农民家庭(8名蔬菜和8名果农)参与了这项研究。在喷洒杀虫剂的一周中，采集了三个晨间现场尿样。现场样本按个人分组，并分析二烷基磷酸(DAP)代谢物和肌酐。通过问卷调查的方式收集了关于接触和生活方式的其他信息。结果不同农民的尿二磷酸水平相差20倍，蔬菜和果农的平均水平(几何平均值)分别为51.1mg/g和122.2 mg/g。对数转换梦得分与DAP水平呈中等相关(r(S)类似于0.45)。农民的尿代谢物水平与其配偶(r(S)接近-0.30)和子女(r(S)类似于-0.00)在同一天采集的尿代谢物水平无相关性。可检测配偶的DAP水平平均为13.0微克/克，儿童为7.6微克/克。泰国农民及其家庭在喷洒农药的季节暴露于农药，皮肤暴露是一个重要途径。农民家庭的主要接触途径似乎是从农民转移到家庭成员或污染家庭环境，而不是家庭成员在农场帮助或玩耍。喷洒农药后立即洗澡或清洗，大大减少了家庭成员接触农药残留的可能性。
Introduction We conducted a biomarker study to characterise exposure to pesticides among farmers and their families in Thailand to assess the relative importance of the dermal exposure route and to identify important factors that determine exposure levels within farmers' families.Methods Sixteen farmers' families (eight vegetable and eight fruit farmers) participated in the study. Three morning spot urine samples were collected during a pesticide spraying week. Spot samples were grouped by individual and analysed for dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites and creatinine. Additional information on exposure and lifestyle was collected by means of questionnaires. Dermal exposure was assessed using a semi-quantitative observational method (DREAM).Results Urinary DAP levels varied 20-fold between farmers, with average (geometric mean) levels of 51.1 mu g/g for vegetable and 122.2 mu g/g for fruit farmers. A moderate correlation (r(s) similar to 0.45) was found between log(e)-transformed DREAM scores and DAP levels. Farmers' urinary metabolite levels were not correlated with those of their spouses (r(s) similar to -0.30) or children (r(s) similar to -0.00) collected on the same days. Detectable spouses' DAP levels were on average (geometric mean) 13.0 mu g/g and those of children 7.6 mu g/g.Discussion Farmers in Thailand as well as their families are exposed to pesticides in the spraying season and dermal exposure is an important route. The main route of exposure for farmers' families seems to be through transfer from the farmer to family members or contamination of the home environment, rather than family members helping or playing on the farm. Showering or washing immediately after pesticide spraying greatly reduces the potential exposure of family members to pesticide residues.