Hunger and appetite: old concepts/new distinctions.
Hunger and appetite: old concepts/new distinctions.
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饥饿和食欲：旧概念/新区别。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1753-4887.1983.tb07163.x
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
J. Stern
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Castonguay;E. Applegate;D. Upton;J. Stern
“饥饿”和“食欲”等词具有多种含义。对于节食者来说，“饥饿”这个词可能会让人想起最近从饮食中取出的食物。对于营养学家来说，同一个词可能会让人想起发展中国家患有消瘦症的儿童的形象。尽管每个人对饥饿都有一些直观的定义基础，但本章中使用的术语将特指刺激获取和消费食物的一组内部信号。这些信号可能起源于大脑、外周，或者可以形成习惯。信号组有许多组成部分，它们协同作用以启动喂食。这些因素有助于形成“调节”热量平衡的控制系统。尽管可以操纵每个因素来促进进食的开始，但似乎没有任何一种主要机制可以称为“饥饿机制”。相反，有时会发生许多复杂的事件，导致身体提出问题“有什么可以吃的吗？”根据某些说法，饥饿的相反状态就是饱腹感。通常，在没有饱足感的情况下会感到饥饿，反之亦然。尽管它们毫无疑问是相互作用的
Words such as “hunger” and “appetite” have been used with a variety of meanings. To dieters, the word” hunger” may conjure up images of foods recently taken out of the diet. To nutritionists, the same word may conjure up images of children in developing nations suffering from marasmus. Although everyone has some basis for an intuitive definition of hunger, the term as it will be used in this chapter will refer specifically to that set of internal signals that stimulate the acquisition and consumption of food. These signals may originate in the brain, in the periphery, or can develop as habit. The signal set has many constituent parts that act in concert to initiate feeding. These factors contribute to a control system that “regulates” caloric balance. Although each factor can be manipulated so as to promote the initiation of eating, there does not seem to be any one primary mechanism that can be called “the” hunger mechanism. Rather, a number of sometimes complex events occur that result in the body asking the question “Is there anything to eat?” By some accounts, the reciprocal state of hunger is satiety. Usually, hunger is experienced in the absence of satiety cues, and vice versa. Although they are undoubtedly interac-