The Politics of Malaysia's Islamic resurgence
The Politics of Malaysia's Islamic resurgence
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马来西亚伊斯兰复兴的政治
DOI：
10.1080/01436598808420085
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ahmed Shabery Cheek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Sundaram;Ahmed Shabery Cheek
自 20 世纪 70 年代初以来，马来西亚的伊斯兰复兴经历了三个主要发展阶段。每个阶段虽然在某些情况下受到国际舞台上事件的影响，但最重要的是对马来西亚国内政治发展的反应。这些事态发展对内和对外的累积影响是伊斯兰复兴的加强和其政治影响力的巩固。因此，形成伊斯兰政治的议程越来越多地塑造马来西亚的主流政治。 20世纪70年代初伊斯兰复兴的开始可以追溯到对宗教的重新兴趣，特别是在接受西方世俗传统教育的穆斯林马来人中。 1973 年第一次石油价格冲击之后，穆斯林国家的政府开始在政治上维护自己的地位，而年轻的穆斯林马来人拒绝接受世俗的西方教育和西方式的现代化。在 1970 年代末，通过马来西亚伊斯兰青年运动 (ABIM) 和主要伊斯兰反对党泛马来伊斯兰党 (PAS) 之间的默契联盟，伊斯兰复兴获得了更大的政治动力。这一发展和 1979 年伊朗的伊斯兰革命都对马来西亚政治伊斯兰的发展产生了最重大的影响。 20世纪80年代，政府以伊斯兰化运动的形式明确认识到伊斯兰复兴的重要性。在一个非穆斯林占人口近一半的国家，这代表了一个相当深刻且有争议的发展。这种发展的征兆是前智民党领导人安瓦尔·易卜拉欣随后在马来民族统一组织（巫统——执政联盟国阵中的主导政党）内崛起，以及伊党领导层随之发生的根本性变化。这些事态发展反映了当代伊斯兰复兴在马来西亚的近乎神秘的作用及其对马来政治的影响。
Malaysia's Islamic resurgence has been characterised by three major phases in its development since the early 1970s. Each phase, though in some cases influenced by events on the international scene, is foremost a response to developments within Malaysia's domestic politics. The cumulative impact of such developments, both internally and externally, has been the strengthening of Islamic resurgence and the consolidation of its political influence. Accordingly, the agenda that forms Islamic politics has increasingly come to shape mainstream politics in Malaysia. The beginning of the Islamic revival in the early 1970s can be traced back to a renewed interest in religion, particularly among Muslim Malays educated in the Western secular tradition. The rejection of secular Western-orientated education and Western style modernisation by young Muslim Malays began at a time when governments of Muslim nations began to assert themselves politically, following the first oil price shock of 1973. In the late 1970s, Islamic revival gained increased political momentum through a tacit alliance between the Malaysian Islamic Youth Movement (ABIM) and the Parti Islam SeMalaysia (Pan-Malayan Islamic Party, PAS)—the main Islamic opposition party. Both this development and Iran's Islamic revolution in 1979 were to have a most significant impact on the growth of political Islam in Malaysia. In the 1980s, the significance of the Islamic resurgence has come to be recognised explicitly by the government in the form of its Islamisation drive. This was to represent quite a profound and controversial development in a country where non-Muslims constitute almost half the population. Symptomatic of this development was the subsequent rise of the ex-ABiM leader Anwar Ibrahim within the United Malay National Organisation (UMNO—the dominant party in the Barisan Nasional, the governing coalition) and the radical changes which followed in the leadership of the PAS. These developments reflect the almost enigmatic role of contemporary Islamic resurgence in Malaysia and its impact on Malay politics.