Searches after Gravitational Waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO): System Overview and First Results from Advanced LIGO/Virgo’s Third Observing Run
Searches after Gravitational Waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO): System Overview and First Results from Advanced LIGO/Virgo’s Third Observing Run
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DOI：
10.3847/2041-8213/ab32f2
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发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Lundquist;K. Paterson;W. Fong;D. Sand;J. Andrews;I. Shivaei;P. Daly;S. Valenti;Sheng Yang-Shen
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Lundquist;K. Paterson;W. Fong;D. Sand;J. Andrews;I. Shivaei;P. Daly;S. Valenti;Sheng Yang-Shen
我们提出了使用亚利桑那州天文台（SAGUARO），致力于发现和表征引力波（GW）事件的光学对应物的综合努力。SAGUARO利用主要位于北方半球的地面设施，直径从1.5米到10米不等。我们提供了SAGUARO的望远镜资源，其管道瞬态检测，其数据库的候选人可视化的概述。我们描述了SAGUARO的发现组件，它利用了5度2的视野光学成像仪的山。莱蒙1.5米望远镜，达到1.21.3 AB等的极限，同时迅速平铺大面积。我们还描述了后续组成部分的SAGUARO，用于快速审查和监测的光学候选人。随着Advanced LIGO/Virgo的第三次观测运行的开始，我们展示了GW事件S190408 an，S190425 z和S190426 c之后的前三次SAGUARO搜索的结果，这是SAGUARO的一个有价值的概念验证。我们在初始GW警报后分别触发和搜索15、60和60 deg 2，17.6、1.4和41.8小时。我们覆盖了GW事件局部化内总概率的7.8%、3.0%和5.1%，分别达到19.8、21.3和20.8 AB等的3σ极限。虽然没有发现与这些事件相关的可行对应物，但我们恢复了六个已知的瞬变，并排除了五个潜在的候选者。我们还介绍了PS19 eq/SN 2019 ebq的大双筒望远镜光谱，这是一个很有前途的kilonova候选者，后来被确定为超新星。SAGUARO具有大面积平铺和进行详细跟踪的能力，是GW对应搜索的重要补充。
We present Searches After Gravitational-waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO), a comprehensive effort dedicated to the discovery and characterization of optical counterparts to gravitational-wave (GW) events. SAGUARO utilizes ground-based facilities ranging from 1.5 to 10 m in diameter, located primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. We provide an overview of SAGUARO’s telescopic resources, its pipeline for transient detection, and its database for candidate visualization. We describe SAGUARO’s discovery component, which utilizes the 5 deg2 field of view optical imager on the Mt. Lemmon 1.5 m telescope, reaching limits of ≈21.3 AB mag while rapidly tiling large areas. We also describe the follow-up component of SAGUARO, used for rapid vetting and monitoring of optical candidates. With the onset of Advanced LIGO/Virgo’s third observing run, we present results from the first three SAGUARO searches following the GW events S190408an, S190425z and S190426c, which serve as a valuable proof-of-concept of SAGUARO. We triggered and searched 15, 60, and 60 deg2 respectively, 17.6, 1.4, and 41.8 hr after the initial GW alerts. We covered 7.8%, 3.0%, and 5.1% of the total probability within the GW event localizations, reaching 3σ limits of 19.8, 21.3, and 20.8 AB mag, respectively. Although no viable counterparts associated with these events were found, we recovered six known transients and ruled out five potential candidates. We also present Large Binocular Telescope spectroscopy of PS19eq/SN2019ebq, a promising kilonova candidate that was later determined to be a supernova. With the ability to tile large areas and conduct detailed follow-up, SAGUARO represents a significant addition to GW counterpart searches.