Understanding deforestation in montane and lowland forests of the Colombian Andes
Understanding deforestation in montane and lowland forests of the Colombian Andes
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DOI：
10.1007/s10113-010-0200-y
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Morales, Monica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armenteras, Dolors;Rodriguez, Nelly;Morales, Monica
哥伦比亚的安第斯森林覆盖900万公顷。这些森林提供了南美洲山区森林砍伐的翔实案例研究。它们被热带低地森林所包围，并居住着该国大部分人口。本研究利用遥感方法、地理信息系统（GIS）技术和一般线性模型（GLM）评估了1985 - 2005年哥伦比亚安第斯山脉森林砍伐中人为变量和自然变量的相对重要性。下列因素对该地区每年的森林砍伐有积极影响：人口被迫迁移、基本需求未得到满足、经济活动、作物、牧场、非法作物、保护区和斜坡。小块土地的权属、道路密度、水资源短缺和平均温度是造成负面影响的因素。本研究的结果还提供了对低地森林和山地森林动态差异的深入了解。山地森林的年毁林率低于低地森林。社会经济、人口和生物物理因素解释了该地区的总体森林砍伐率。然而，当考虑到海拔变化时，安第斯山脉的区域内差异就变得明显了。在该国大多数人口集中的安第斯高山山谷附近地区和安第斯山脉北部、西部和东部热带低地地区，毁林过程各不相同。低地和山地森林动态的差异部分是由于森林的可及性以及财富和经济活动的差异。在山地森林中，森林砍伐受到经济活动、保护区的存在和较高斜坡的积极影响。山地森林的毁林受到小块土地权属、道路密度、缺水和平均温度的不利影响。低地森林砍伐率与农村人口、牧场比例、作物、保护区和温度的关系更为密切。我们的研究结果表明，山地森林似乎处于殖民和经济发展的更高级阶段，而低地森林更接近殖民边界和快速增长的殖民人口。这项研究强化了这样一种观点，即尽管在安第斯山脉发现了最常见的热带森林砍伐驱动因素，但当考虑到区域内的差异时，这些驱动因素的作用就不同了。
Colombian Andean forests cover nine million ha. These forests provide an informative case study of mountain deforestation in South America. They are surrounded by tropical lowland forests, and they host most of the country's human population. This study evaluates the relative importance of human and natural variables in deforestation of the Colombian Andes between 1985 and 2005 using remote sensing methods, geographic information system (GIS) technology and general linear models (GLM). The following factors affected the annual deforestation in the region positively: forced population migration, unsatisfied basic needs, economic activity, crops, pastures, illicit crops, protected areas and slope. Factors having a negative effect were tenure of small land parcels, road density, water scarcity and mean temperature. The results of this study also provide insight into the differences between the dynamics of lowland forests and those of montane forests. Montane forests had a lower annual rate of deforestation than did forests in the lowlands. Socio-economic, demographic and biophysical factors explain overall deforestation rates for the region. However, when altitude variation is taken into account, intraregional differences in the Andes become evident. Deforestation processes differ between those areas adjacent to the high Andean valleys where most of the country's population concentrates and those areas in the tropical lowlands north, west and east of the Andean chain. Differences between lowland and montane forest dynamics are due partly to the accessibility of forests and differences in wealth and economic activities. In montane forests, deforestation is positively influenced by economic activity, the presence of protected areas and higher slopes. Deforestation in montane forests is negatively affected by tenure of small land parcels, road density, water scarcity and mean temperature. Lowland deforestation rates are more closely related to rural population, pasture percentage, crops, protected areas and temperature. Our results suggest that montane forests appear to be in a more advanced stage of colonisation and economic development, whereas lowland forests are closer to the colonisation frontier and to rapidly growing colonist populations. This study reinforces the idea that although the most common tropical drivers of deforestation are found in the Andes, these drivers operate differently when intraregional differences are considered.