LOOKING TO EPI: FURTHER CONSEQUENCES OF THE KUWAE ERUPTION, CENTRAL VANUATU, AD 1452
LOOKING TO EPI: FURTHER CONSEQUENCES OF THE KUWAE ERUPTION, CENTRAL VANUATU, AD 1452
复制标题
展望 EPI：公元 1452 年瓦努阿图中部库瓦伊火山喷发的进一步后果
DOI：
10.7152/bippa.v26i0.11994
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Andrew Hoffmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrew Hoffmann
简介 Epi 岛大致位于瓦努阿图群岛的中心，岛链在此分叉成其特有的 Y 形分歧（图 1）。公元 1452 年之前，Epi 是一块更大的陆地的一部分，今天人们普遍称为 Kuwae。 Kuwae 这个名字是通过位于 Epi 东南部牧羊人群岛社区的口头传统流传下来的。牧羊人群体中的一些实际上曾经是更大的库瓦埃大陆的一部分。这些口头传说描述了埃法特和库瓦埃之间的人们迁徙，并详细描述了后者的灾难性喷发，以及随之而来的埃皮和牧羊人群当代地理的形成。这些口头传统的细节丰富，引起了人类学家 Guiart（1973；另见 Hebert 1963-5）的注意，他在围绕埃法特和牧羊人群体进行研究期间对这些传统进行了研究。 Garanger (1972) 对 Shepherd Group 的考古学研究进一步引起了人们对 Kuwae 的关注，该研究揭示了这次火山喷发对过去居住在 Kuwae 南部地区的人口造成的可怕影响的证据（该地区现在和过去的地理情况见图 2）。然而，吉亚特和加兰格都没有研究过埃皮岛民与库瓦埃的关系问题。如今，人们往往没有完全认识到 Epi 曾经是桑江的一部分。本文认为，Epi 的历史与其过去与 Kuwae 的关系有关，特别是通过火山喷发，极大地影响了其人口。迄今为止，还没有研究试图了解 Epi 和 Kuwae 之间的关系，或者火山喷发的影响是什么（参见 Galipaud 2002）。因此，本文将在埃皮岛寻找火山喷发影响的进一步证据。在确定这些后果可能是什么时，提出了来自多个学科的证据，包括已发表的地质和语言数据，以及考古和文化遗产实地考察的最新结果。总的来说，本文试图为 Epi 提出一个新的研究议程，并将有关 Epi 社会的现有信息重新定向，以更好地理解 Kuwae 火山喷发如何塑造其历史。本文应鼓励专家，特别是考古学家和语言学家就火山爆发后该地区发生的社会变化进行讨论。图 1. 瓦努阿图群岛的一部分，显示了 Epi 和 Shepherd Group 在该岛链 y 形分歧底部的位置。突出显示的岛屿曾经是库瓦埃大厦的一部分。地图改编自 Bonnemaison 等人。 （1996。）
INTRODUCTION Epi Island is located roughly at the center of the Vanuatu archipelago where the island chain forks into its characteristic Y-shaped divergence (Fig. 1). Prior to AD 1452, Epi formed part of a larger landmass that is today popularly referred to as Kuwae. The name Kuwae has been passed down via oral traditions of communities from the Shepherd Group of islands located just southeast of Epi. Several of the Shepherd Group were actually once part of the larger Kuwae landmass. These oral traditions describe migrations of people between Efate and Kuwae and detail the catastrophic eruption of the latter, along with the concomitant formation of the contemporary geography of Epi and the Shepherd Group. Rich in detail, these oral traditions attracted the attention of the anthropologist Guiart (1973; see also Hebert 1963-5), who studied them during his research around Efate and the Shepherd Group. Attention was further drawn to Kuwae through Garanger’s (1972) study of the archaeology of the Shepherd Group, which revealed evidence of the terrible effect this eruption had on past populations occupying that southern region of Kuwae (see Fig. 2 for the present and past geography of the region). Neither Guiart nor Garanger, however, researched questions of the relationship of Epi Islanders with Kuwae. Today, it is often not fully recognized that Epi was once part of Kuwae. This paper argues that Epi’s history is bound by its past relationship with Kuwae, especially through the eruption, which greatly affected its population. Hitherto, no research has attempted to understand what was the relationship between Epi and Kuwae, or what was the effect of the eruption (cf. Galipaud 2002). This article will, therefore, look to Epi Island for further evidence of the effects of the eruption. In establishing what these consequences might have been, evidence from multiple disciplines is presented, including published geological and linguistic data, along with recent results from archaeological and cultural heritage fieldwork. Overall, this article is an attempt to posit a new research agenda for Epi and to redirect available information about Epi society into better understanding of how its history has been framed by the Kuwae eruption. This paper should encourage discussion by specialists, particularly archaeologists and linguists, about the social changes that occurred across the area following the eruption. Figure 1. Part of the Vanuatu archipelago showing the positions of Epi and the Shepherd Group at the base of the y-shaped divergence of this island chain. The highlighted islands are those that were once part of the Kuwae edifice. Map adapted from Bonnemaison et al. (1996.)