Understanding Technology Development
Understanding Technology Development
复制标题
了解技术发展
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7660.1993.tb00502.x
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
S. Lall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Lall
一般来说，大多数发展中国家不善于利用工业技术。这些国家的企业可能进口和使用不适合其本国劳动力或技能禀赋或生产规模的技术。它们可能无法完全吸收它们进口的技术，因此可能无法以“最佳做法”的技术效率水平使用这些技术。此外，个别企业的相对效率可能差别很大。发达经济体也存在这种差异，但发展中经济体的差异往往更为显著，这表明知识的传播更为有限，市场竞争更为不完善。最后，它们可能无法升级它们所掌握的技术，或随着条件的变化而多样化地开发新技术。因此，它们可能停留在工业范围的低附加值一端，在其他国家向前迈进时落后于世界技术前沿。
In a general sense, most developing countries are inept at using industrial technologies.1 This ineptness may take one or more of several forms. Their enterprises may import and deploy technologies that are not appropriate to their countries’ endowments of labour or skills, or to their scales of production. They may not fully assimilate the technologies they have imported, so may not use them at ‘best-practice’ levels of technical efficiency. Individual enterprises may, moreover, differ widely in their relative efficiencies. This variation is also found in developed economies, but tends to be far more marked in developing ones, indicating that diffusion of knowledge is more limited and market competition more imperfect. Finally, they may not be able to upgrade the technologies they have mastered, or diversify into new technologies as conditions change. Thus, they may stay at the low value-added end of the industrial spectrum, falling behind world technological frontiers as others forge ahead.