Changing paradigms in forestry: repercussions for people and nature
Changing paradigms in forestry: repercussions for people and nature
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林业范式的变化：对人类和自然的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Lobovikov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Mery;R. Alfaro;M. Kanninen;M. Lobovikov
天然林和人工林的木材和纤维生产对许多国家和地方经济作出重要贡献。同样重要的是，森林提供了一系列环境服务，这些服务最终对我们星球上的生命生存至关重要。例如，它们在稳定土壤和保护土地免受风和水的侵蚀方面发挥着重要作用，并有助于保持清洁淡水的稳定供应。树木和森林土壤还能锁住大气中的碳;因此，森林在降低导致全球变暖的主要温室气体之一的浓度方面发挥着重要作用。过去，森林主要被视为一种有待开发的资源，被砍伐后可用于农业，但近年来，社会对森林的态度发生了范式转变;现在人们普遍认识到，森林所能提供的远不止木材、薪材和非木材森林产品。森林越来越被视为人类和自然景观的一部分，因此需要采取更加全面的方法来管理森林，这种方法要认识到森林、环境和社会之间的复杂联系。在这一章中，我们简要回顾了林业中不断变化的范式，并描述了本书所涉及的许多作者所揭示的根本原因。这些调查结果分为五大类：森林是生计和人类福祉的来源;生态系统健康对于永久保护森林的所有价值的重要性;林业与其他经济部门相结合的必要性;更平等地分享森林惠益的必要性;以及发展使社会能够实现其目标的森林资源治理制度的必要性。最后，我们提供了本书研究结果的简明政策含义。
Timber and fibre production from forests, both natural and planted, make an important contribution to many national and local economies. Just as significantly, forests provide a range of environmental services that are, ultimately, fundamental for the survival of life on our planet. For example, they play an important role in stabilizing soils and protecting land from erosion by wind and water, and they help to maintain a steady supply of clean freshwater. Trees and forest soils also lock up atmospheric carbon; forests thus play an important role in reducing concentrations of one of the main greenhouse gases causing global warming. While in the past forests were seen primarily as a resource to be exploited, and cleared to permit agriculture, in recent years there has been a paradigm shift in society’s attitudes towards forests; it is now widely recognized that forests can provide much more than timber, fuelwood, and nonwood forest products. Forests are increasingly seen as part of the human and natural landscape, and thus in need of a more holistic approach to their management, an approach that recognizes the complex links between forest, environment and society. In this chapter we briefly review the changing paradigms in forestry and describe their underlying causes as uncovered by the many authors involved in this book. These findings are grouped into five broad categories: forests as a source of livelihoods and human well-being; the importance of ecosystem health to preserve all values from forests in perpetuity; the need to integrate forestry with other economic sectors; the need to share forest benefits more equally; and the need to develop forest resource governance systems that enable society to reach its objectives. Finally, we provide concise policy implications of the findings in this book.