An In Situ Method for Sizing Insoluble Residues in Precipitation and Other Aqueous Samples.
An In Situ Method for Sizing Insoluble Residues in Precipitation and Other Aqueous Samples.
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DOI：
10.1080/02786826.2014.991439
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发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ault AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Axson JL;Creamean JM;Bondy AL;Capracotta SS;Warner KY;Ault AP
颗粒物经常被并入云或降水中，通过充当云凝结或冰核、在云处理过程中吸收涂层以及通过湿沉降去除物种来影响气候。这些粒子中的许多，特别是冰核，可以作为不溶性残留物悬浮在云滴/晶体中。虽然以前的研究已经测量了云和降水中物种的可溶性或散装质量，但迄今为止还没有研究使用原位方法确定降水或云中不溶性残留物的数量浓度和粒度分布。在这里，我们第一次证明，纳米粒子跟踪分析（NTA）是一个强大的原位方法，用于确定总的数量浓度，数量大小分布，和表面积分布的不溶性残留物在降水中，无论是雨和融化的雪。该方法使用500 μL或更少的液体样品，不需要样品修改。含水沉淀样品中不溶性残留物的数量浓度范围为2.0-3.0（±0.3）×108个颗粒cm−3，表面积范围为1.8（±0.7）-3.2（±1.0）×107 μm2 cm−3。数量尺寸分布在133-150 nm之间达到峰值，具有单峰和多峰特征，而表面积分布在173-270 nm之间达到峰值。与电子显微镜下10 μm以下颗粒的比较表明，按数量计算，> 97%的残留物直径小于1 μm，即NTA的上限。浓度和分布特性的范围表明，不溶性残留物的特性随环境气溶胶浓度，云微物理，气象动力学。NTA在研究不溶性残留物在关键大气过程中的作用方面具有很大的潜力。
Particles are frequently incorporated into clouds or precipitation, influencing climate by acting as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, taking up coatings during cloud processing, and removing species through wet deposition. Many of these particles, particularly ice nuclei, can remain suspended within cloud droplets/crystals as insoluble residues. While previous studies have measured the soluble or bulk mass of species within clouds and precipitation, no studies to date have determined the number concentration and size distribution of insoluble residues in precipitation or cloud water using in situ methods. Herein, for the first time we demonstrate that Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is a powerful in situ method for determining the total number concentration, number size distribution, and surface area distribution of insoluble residues in precipitation, both of rain and melted snow. The method uses 500 μL or less of liquid sample and does not require sample modification. Number concentrations for the insoluble residues in aqueous precipitation samples ranged from 2.0–3.0(±0.3)×108 particles cm−3, while surface area ranged from 1.8(±0.7)–3.2(±1.0)×107 μm2 cm−3. Number size distributions peaked between 133–150 nm, with both single and multi-modal character, while surface area distributions peaked between 173–270 nm. Comparison with electron microscopy of particles up to 10 μm show that, by number, > 97% residues are <1 μm in diameter, the upper limit of the NTA. The range of concentration and distribution properties indicates that insoluble residue properties vary with ambient aerosol concentrations, cloud microphysics, and meteorological dynamics. NTA has great potential for studying the role that insoluble residues play in critical atmospheric processes.
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影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Hadley, Odelle L.;Kirchstetter, Thomas W.
通讯作者：
Kirchstetter, Thomas W.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Harris, E.;Sinha, B.;Herrmann, H.
通讯作者：
Herrmann, H.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ault, Andrew P.;Williams, Christopher R.;Prather, Kimberly A.
通讯作者：
Prather, Kimberly A.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
DeMott, PJ;Sassen, K;Kreidenweis, SM
通讯作者：
Kreidenweis, SM
影响因子：
5
作者：
Brandt, C;Elding, LI
通讯作者：
Elding, LI