Gynecomastia: Clinical evaluation and management.
Gynecomastia: Clinical evaluation and management.
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DOI：
10.4103/2230-8210.129104
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发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cakir B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cuhaci N;Polat SB;Evranos B;Ersoy R;Cakir B
男性乳房发育症是男性乳房腺体组织的良性增大，是男性最常见的乳房疾病。至少30%的男性一生都会受到影响。由于它会引起焦虑，心理不适和对乳腺癌的恐惧，早期诊断评估很重要，患者通常会寻求医疗照顾。据报道，由于雌激素产生增加、雄激素产生减少或两者兼而有之，男性乳房发育导致雌激素和雄激素作用之间的失衡或雌激素与雄激素比率增加。男性乳房发育症的评估必须包括详细的病史，临床检查，特定的血液检查，成像和组织取样。个人的治疗要求可以从简单的安慰到医疗甚至手术。任何干预措施的主要目的都是缓解症状并排除其他病因。
Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue and is the most common breast condition in males. At least 30% of males will be affected during their life. Since it causes anxiety, psychosocial discomfort and fear of breast cancer, early diagnostic evaluation is important and patients usually seek medical attention. Gynecomastia was reported to cause an imbalance between estrogen and androgen action or an increased estrogen to androgen ratio, due to increased estrogen production, decreased androgen production or both. Evaluation of gynecomastia must include a detailed medical history, clinical examination, specific blood tests, imaging and tissue sampling. Individual treatment requirements can range from simple reassurance to medical treatment or even surgery. The main aim of any intervention is to relieve the symptoms and exclude other etiological factors.