Metal speciation in health and medicine represented by iron and vanadium.
Metal speciation in health and medicine represented by iron and vanadium.
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DOI：
10.1021/ic4007873
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
D. Crans;Kellie A. Woll;Kestutis Prusinskas;Michael D. Johnson;E. Norkus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Crans;Kellie A. Woll;Kestutis Prusinskas;Michael D. Johnson;E. Norkus
在过去的世纪中，金属对生物的影响越来越明显。金属离子作为结构的关键支架和反应中的催化剂发挥着重要作用。形态形成是一个关键概念，有助于研究人员研究涉及金属离子的过程。然而，跨科学领域的基本领域的翻译一直受到语言差异的困扰。为了纠正这一点，IUPAC委员会提供了一个框架，其中物种形成被定义为物种的分布。尽管有这些尝试，无机化学家对形态形成领域的贡献还没有完全实现，部分原因是过去十年的贡献集中在技术进步上，尚未达到测量生物溶液中形态分布的阶段。在下文中，我们描述了形态如何影响医学中的金属领域，以及到目前为止形态分布的特点。我们提供了两个案例研究作为说明，即钒和铁。钒酸盐具有治疗重要性，并且被认为是金属酶的辅因子。除了作为阳离子，钒（V）与磷类似，因此是磷酸化酶的有效抑制剂。由于形态形成可以改变金属的阳离子或阴离子形式的存在，形态形成对生物系统有着深远的影响。我们还强调了物种形成如何影响铁代谢，重点是生物相关的铁阳离子，实际上存在于生物液体中的丰度相当低。流体.此外，我们指出，最近的调查机制的芬顿化学，和新兴的结果显示pH值的依赖性。这些研究表明，形成Fe（IV）-中间体，并普遍接受的机制可能只适用于在低pH值的生物物种形成的更广泛的认识，我们相信，未来的调查对金属为基础的系统将取得更快的进展，并取得显着的成果。研究金属络合物以探索潜在的“活性物质”的性质，并进一步揭示与其特定组成和几何形状相关的细节，可能对行动很重要。
The influence of metals in biology has become more and more apparent within the past century. Metal ions perform essential roles as critical scaffolds for structure and as catalysts in reactions. Speciation is a key concept that assists researchers in investigating processes that involve metal ions. However, translation of the essential area across scientific fields has been plagued by language discrepancies. To rectify this, the IUPAC Commission provided a framework in which speciation is defined as the distribution of species. Despite these attempts, contributions from inorganic chemists to the area of speciation have not fully materialized in part because the past decade's contributions focused on technological advances, which are not yet to the stage of measuring speciation distribution in biological solutions. In the following, we describe how speciation influences the area of metals in medicine and how speciation distribution has been characterized so far. We provide two case studies as an illustration, namely, vanadium and iron. Vanadium both has therapeutic importance and is known as a cofactor for metalloenzymes. In addition to being a cation, vanadium(V) has analogy with phosphorus and as such is a potent inhibitor for phosphorylases. Because speciation can change the metal's existence in cationic or anionic forms, speciation has profound effects on biological systems. We also highlight how speciation impacts iron metabolism, focusing on the rather low abundance of biologically relevant iron cation that actually exists in biological fluids. fluids. Furthermore, we point to recent investigations into the mechanism of Fenton chemistry, and that the emerging results show pH dependence. The studies suggest formation of Fe(IV)-intermediates and that the generally accepted mechanism may only apply at low pH. With broader recognition toward biological speciation, we are confident that future investigations on metal-based systems will progress faster and with significant results. Studying metal complexes to explore the properties of a potential "active species" and further uncovering the details associated with their specific composition and geometry are likely to be important to the action.