Cross-cultural influences on rhythm processing: reproduction, discrimination, and beat tapping
Cross-cultural influences on rhythm processing: reproduction, discrimination, and beat tapping
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00366
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发表时间：
2015-04-09
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Grahn, Jessica A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cameron, Daniel J.;Bentley, Jocelyn;Grahn, Jessica A.
尽管跨文化的几乎所有个体都具有将运动带入音乐节奏的能力，但不同文化之间的音乐节奏结构有所不同。为了衡量文化对节奏处理的影响，我们测试了东非和北美成年人对源自东非和西方音乐的节奏的感知、制作和节拍敲击。为了评估节奏感知，参与者确定了成对的节奏是否相同或不同。为了评估节奏的产生，参与者在听到节奏后再现了节奏。为了评估节拍敲击，参与者随着重复的节奏敲击节拍。我们预计所有三项任务的表现都会受到参与者文化和节奏文化的影响。具体来说，我们预测参与者对于来自自己文化的节奏的辨别、再现和准确敲击节拍的能力会比来自另一种文化的节奏更好。在节奏辨别任务中，辨别文化熟悉和不熟悉的节奏没有差异。在节奏再现任务中，两组人都比西方节奏更准确地再现了东非节奏，但东非参与者也表现出了文化熟悉度的影响，导致了显着的互动。在节拍敲击任务中，两组参与者对于熟悉的文化节奏比对于不熟悉的节奏敲击节拍更加准确。此外，两个参与者组之间以及两种类型的节奏之间，在节拍敲击选择的韵律水平上也存在差异。结果表明，文化确实影响音乐节奏的处理。就音乐节奏的功能而言，我们的结果与音乐节奏实现同步的理论是一致的。音乐节奏可以通过使群体内与音乐同步来培养音乐文化认同，或许还能支持社会凝聚力。
The structures of musical rhythm differ between cultures, despite the fact that the ability to entrain movement to musical rhythm occurs in virtually all individuals across cultures. To measure the influence of culture on rhythm processing, we tested East African and North American adults on perception, production, and beat tapping for rhythms derived from East African and Western music. To assess rhythm perception, participants identified whether pairs of rhythms were the same or different. To assess rhythm production, participants reproduced rhythms after hearing them. To assess beat tapping, participants tapped the beat along with repeated rhythms. We expected that performance in all three tasks would be influenced by the culture of the participant and the culture of the rhythm. Specifically, we predicted that a participant's ability to discriminate, reproduce, and accurately tap the beat would be better for rhythms from their own culture than for rhythms from another culture. In the rhythm discrimination task, there were no differences in discriminating culturally familiar and unfamiliar rhythms. In the rhythm reproduction task, both groups reproduced East African rhythms more accurately than Western rhythms, but East African participants also showed an effect of cultural familiarity, leading to a significant interaction. In the beat tapping task, participants in both groups tapped the beat more accurately for culturally familiar than for unfamiliar rhythms. Moreover, there were differences between the two participant groups, and between the two types of rhythms, in the metrical level selected for beat tapping. The results demonstrate that culture does influence the processing of musical rhythm. In terms of the function of musical rhythm, our results are consistent with theories that musical rhythm enables synchronization. Musical rhythm may foster musical cultural identity by enabling within-group synchronization to music, perhaps supporting social cohesion.