Social Support Can Buffer against Stress and Shape Brain Activity.
Social Support Can Buffer against Stress and Shape Brain Activity.
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DOI：
10.1080/21507740.2015.1047054
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gunnar MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hostinar CE;Gunnar MR
来自亲密关系伙伴的社会支持是应对压力的重要资源，尤其是在童年时期。我们讨论了与在实验室中研究压力及其社会缓冲相关的伦理挑战，以及关于压力社会缓冲的两种潜在神经基质的新证据：下丘脑催产素活性和与有效自我调节相关的前额皮质区域的激活。我们还探讨了早期生活社会经历在塑造大脑发育中的作用，以及促进儿童道德待遇并减少早期生活经历和机会方面的社会不平等的实践和政策建议，例如，投资于防止虐待儿童的项目，并促进经济弱势家庭获得高质量的儿童保育。我们还讨论了使用催产素鼻喷雾剂来模拟社会支持的减压特性的伦理影响，并建议在推荐使用它们之前等待更多证据。
Social support from close relationship partners is an important resource for coping with stress, particularly during childhood. We discuss ethical challenges associated with studying stress and its social buffering in the laboratory, as well as emerging evidence regarding two potential neural substrates for the social buffering of stress: hypothalamic oxytocin activity and activation of areas in the prefrontal cortex associated with effective self-regulation. We also address the role of early-life social experiences in shaping brain development, as well as recommendations for practice and policy that would advance the ethical treatment of children and reduce social inequalities in early-life experiences and opportunities–e.g., investing in programs that prevent child maltreatment and facilitating access to high-quality child care for economically disadvantaged families. We also debate the ethical implications of using oxytocin nasal sprays to simulate the stress-reducing properties of social support and advise waiting for more evidence before recommending their use.