CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF THE GLUCOSE-CONCENTRATION IN THE SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE - PROPERTIES AND PITFALLS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS
CLINICAL USEFULNESS OF THE GLUCOSE-CONCENTRATION IN THE SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE - PROPERTIES AND PITFALLS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2007-1001747
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发表时间：
1994-11-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
ABEL, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FISCHER, U;REBRIN, K;ABEL, P
生物传感器是小型化的分析工具，其包括为分析物提供特异性的生物检测元件，以及保证输出信号（例如电流）的物理换能器，该输出信号的大小与分析物的浓度成比例。它们提供了连续体内监测的独特可能性。葡萄糖传感器实际上是第一个正在研究的生物传感器。其中，最先进的设备是在葡萄糖氧化酶介导的葡萄糖氧化过程中，以化学计量关系测量过氧化氢产生的葡萄糖浓度。它们被证明在商业上可用的葡萄糖分析仪和实验性皮下监测中是有用的。这里示出了（a）在稳态条件下，s.c.葡萄糖浓度与血液中的葡萄糖浓度几乎相同，（B）s.c.插入的葡萄糖电极确实以临床上相关的准确度反映了在低血、正常血和高血条件下的脑内葡萄糖浓度。（c）即使采用s.c.葡萄糖传感器信号作为自动胰岛素泵控制器的输入，和（d）s.c.传感器通常在长达一天的时间间隔内完成，但在某些情况下，可以实现长达十天的应用。根本问题在于功能生物稳定性不足，这是传感器的生物相容性和尺寸、其无菌性以及永久皮肤渗透性的函数。后者仍然需要将设备安装到位，保持其功能，并在任何条件下使用数据。此时，S. C。在一天内用作低血糖报警系统的葡萄糖电极被认为是临床上重要的并且在技术上是可实现的。
Biosensors are miniaturized analytical tools which comprise a biological detection element providing specificity to the analyte, and a physical transducer which guarantees an output signal, e.g. an electric current the size of which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. They provide the unique possibility of continuous in vivo monitoring. Glucosensors were in fact the first biosensors under study. Among them, the most advanced devices are measuring amperometrically the hydrogen peroxide generated in a stoichiometric relation to the prevailing glucose concentration during glucose oxidase-mediated glucose oxidation. They proved useful in commercially available glucose analyzers and in experimental subcutaneous monitoring. Here it is shown (a) that under steady state conditions the s.c. glucose concentration is nearly identical to that in blood, (b) that s.c. inserted glucose electrodes do mirror the intracorporal glucose concentration both under hypo-, normo-, and hyperglycaemic conditions with a clinically relevant accuracy, (c) that even stable feedback control of intracorporal glucose concentration is possible employing s.c. glucosensor signal as an input to automated insulin pump controller, and (d) that stable function of s.c. sensor is usually accomplished over intervals up to one day but in some cases applications over up to ten days could be realized. The underlying problem consists in an insufficient functional biostability which is a function of biocompatibility and size of the sensor, of its sterility, and of the permanent skin penetration. The latter is still required to get the device in place, to keep it in function, and to make use of the data under any condition. At this time, s.c. glucose electrodes to be employed as hypoglycaemia-warning systems over one day are considered clinically important and technically achievable.