Effect of anthropogenic low-frequency noise on the foraging ecology of Balaenoptera whales
Effect of anthropogenic low-frequency noise on the foraging ecology of Balaenoptera whales
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DOI：
10.1017/s1367943001001020
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tershy, BR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Croll, DA;Clark, CW;Tershy, BR
在过去的50年里，人类对海洋环境噪声的贡献有所增加，并且主要是来自航运、石油和天然气开发、国防相关和研究活动的低频（LF）声音（频率< 1000 Hz）。神秘的鲸鱼，包括六种濒临灭绝的物种；受到噪音污染的威胁，因为所有物种都会产生并可能感知到低频声音。我们在加利福尼亚圣尼古拉斯岛进行了一项操纵现场实验，以测试大声的低频噪声对觅食鳍蓝鲸（B. musculus）和（Balaenoptera physalus）鲸的影响。天真的观测者使用附加的跟踪设备、船载调查、航空调查、照片识别和声音行为的被动监测相结合，来检查当一个响亮的低频源（美国海军SURTASS LFA）发出和不发出时，鲸鱼的行为和分布。在传播过程中，研究区域内鲸鱼的LFA估计接收水平中有12-30%超过140 dB / 1mua。然而，鲸鱼继续在该地区觅食。总的来说，鲸鱼的遭遇率和潜水行为似乎与与海洋参数相关的猎物丰度的变化联系更紧密，而不是低频声音传输。在某些情况下，鲸鱼的声音行为在实验和非实验期间显着不同。然而，这些差异并不一致，似乎与LF声音传输无关。在空间和时间尺度上，我们发现鲸鱼对响亮的、人为的低频声音没有明显的反应。我们认为，在更大的时空尺度上，人为低频噪声的累积效应可能是管理机构更重要的考虑因素。
The human contribution to ambient noise in the ocean has increased over the past 50 years, and is dominated by low-frequency (LF) sound (frequencies < 1000 Hz) from shipping, oil and gas development, defence-related and research activities. Mysticete whales, including six endangered species, mag; be at risk from this noise pollution because all species produce and probably perceive low-frequency sound. We conducted a manipulative field experiment to test the effects of loud, LF noise on foraging fin blue (B. musculus) and (Balaenoptera physalus) whales off San Nicolas Island, California. Naive observers used a combination of attached tracking devices, ship-based surveys, aerial surveys, photo-identification and passive monitoring of vocal behaviour to examine the behaviour and distribution of whales when a loud LF source (US Navy SURTASS LFA) was and was not transmitting. During transmission, 12-30% of the estimated received levels of LFA of whales in the study area exceeded 140 dB re 1 mua. However, whales continued to be seen foraging in the region. Overall, whale encounter rates and diving behaviour appeared to be more strongly linked to changes in prey abundance associated with oceanographic parameters than to LF sound transmissions. In some cases, whale vocal behaviour was significantly different between experimental and non-experimental periods.. However, these differences were nor consistent and did not appear to be related to LF sound transmissions. Rt the spatial and temporal scales examined, we found no obvious responses of whales to a loud, anthropogenic, LF sound. We suggest that the cumulative effects of anthropogenic LF noise over larger temporal and spatial scales than examined here may be a more important consideration for management agencies.