'A mate or a meal'--pre-gravid behaviour of female Anopheles gambiae from the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa.
'A mate or a meal'--pre-gravid behaviour of female Anopheles gambiae from the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-2-9
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发表时间：
2003-05-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Rosario, VD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charlwood, JD;Pinto, J;Sousa, CA;Ferreira, C;Petrarca, V;Rosario, VD
圣多美和普林西比群岛的两个岛屿之间的疟疾流行率不同。这可能是由于当地冈比亚按蚊的生物学差异，冈比亚按蚊是岛上唯一的媒介。成活率和取食频率是影响媒介容量的两个因素。按蚊一般只在一个生殖营养（产卵）周期中进食一次。然而，新出现的昆虫可能在其第一个产卵周期中进食两次或更多次，从而增加了被感染的可能性。多次喂养的原因尚不清楚，仍然不确定这种行为是任意性的还是强制性的。因此，我们确定了存活率和子孢子率，并检查了An的行为。冈比亚从这两个岛屿在其第一gonotrophic周期。翅型1，410只，腹型687只，性腺发育年龄和交配情况7，264只。从该群岛的四个地点确定了通过灯诱、上岸渔获物、在户外休息或在copula中收集的冈比亚鱼。通过ELISA法测定了圣多美15 533名女性和普林西比2 111名女性的子孢子率。估计的存活率在圣多美为每天0.834-0.849人，在普林西比为每天0.801-0.818人。圣多美的子孢子率为0.63%，显著高于普林西比的0.24%。总体而言，49%的女性交配后的第二天晚上出现之前喂养，和51%的第三天晚上，因此在交配前喂养。在喂食前交配的可能性随着翅膀的大小而增加。收集的3,776只经产昆虫中没有一只显示出最近交配的证据。在copula中收集的198只雌性中，除2只外，其余所有雌性都有未发育的卵巢。平均翅膀的大小和昆虫的数量收集在一个哨兵光陷阱的变化，但新出现的昆虫在收集的比例没有。最小昆虫的估计存活率低于其他大小组，但各年龄组的总体大小分布呈正态分布。生殖道昆虫的生殖营养一致。与圣多美相比，蚊子存活率的差异导致子孢子率和疟疾在普林西比的流行率较低。在这两个岛屿上，所有新出现的昆虫在出现后的第二个晚上吸血，但只在出现后的第三个晚上才变得gonotrophically活跃。较小的昆虫有较高的“死亡/移民”率比大的。我们认为，不足的保幼激素，直到第三天的成年生活是负责gonotrophic不活动和分区交配后出现的第二天或第三天之间的女性最大限度地提高他们的机会异交。
Malaria prevalence differs between the two islands that comprise the archipelago of São Tomé and Príncipe. This may be due to differences in the biology of local Anopheles gambiae, the only vector on the islands. Survival rate and feeding frequency are two factors influencing vectorial capacity. Anophelines generally feed just once per gonotrophic (oviposition) cycle. Newly emerged insects, however, may feed two or more times during their first oviposition cycle thus increasing the likelihood of becoming infected. The reasons for multiple feeding are not clearly understood and it is still uncertain whether the behaviour is facultative or obligatory. We, therefore, determined survival and sporozoite rates, and examined the behaviour of An. gambiae from the two islands during their first gonotrophic cycle. The wing size of 1,410, abdominal condition of 687, gonotrophic age and mated status of 7,264 female M form An. gambiae collected by light-trap, landing catch, resting outdoors or in copula, was determined from four sites in the archipelago. Sporozoite rates assessed by ELISA in 15,533 females from São Tomé and 2,111 from Príncipe were determined. Estimated survival rates ranged between 0.834–0.849 per day in São Tomé and 0.801–0.818 per day in Príncipe. Sporozoite rates of 0.63% in São Tomé were significantly higher than the 0.24% from Príncipe. Overall 49% of females mated on the second night after emergence before feeding, and 51% on the third night and thus fed before mating. The likelihood of mating before feeding increased with wing size. None of the 3,776 parous insects collected showed evidence of recent mating. All but two of the 198 females collected in copula had undeveloped ovaries. Mean wing sizes and the number of insects collected in a sentinel light-trap varied but the proportion of newly emerged insects in the collection did not. The estimated survival rate of the smallest insects was lower than other size groups, but the overall size distribution of each age group was normal. Parous insects were gonotrophically concordant. Differences in mosquito survival contributed to the lower sporozoite rates and endemicity of malaria on Príncipe compared to São Tomé. On both islands all newly emerged insects blood fed on the second night following emergence but only became gonotrophically active on the third night after emergence. Smaller insects had a higher 'mortality/emigration' rate than larger ones. We suggest that insufficiency of Juvenile Hormone until the third day of adult life is responsible for gonotrophic inactivity and that by partitioning mating between the second or third day after emergence females maximise their chances of out-crossing.
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影响因子：
1.5
作者：
CHARLWOOD, JD;JONES, MDR
通讯作者：
JONES, MDR
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1972.21.487
发表时间：
1972-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
EDMAN, JD;WEBBER, LA;KALE, HW
通讯作者：
KALE, HW
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Hogg, JC;Thomson, MC;Hurd, H
通讯作者：
Hurd, H
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
LOUNIBOS, LP
通讯作者：
LOUNIBOS, LP
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
CHARLWOOD, JD;KIHONDA, J;SMITH, T
通讯作者：
SMITH, T