Mammalian glucose transporters: structure and molecular regulation.
Mammalian glucose transporters: structure and molecular regulation.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-571147-0.50015-9
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Charles F. Burant;W. Sivitz;Hirofumi Fukumoto;Toshiaki Kayano;Shinya Nagamatsu;Susumo Seino;J. E. Pessin;Graeme I. Bell
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文献类型：
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作者：
Charles F. Burant;W. Sivitz;Hirofumi Fukumoto;Toshiaki Kayano;Shinya Nagamatsu;Susumo Seino;J. E. Pessin;Graeme I. Bell
出版商摘要本章重点介绍葡萄糖转运的分子生物学方面的最新进展，以及调节葡萄糖转运的不同机制。体内葡萄糖转运的调控是复杂的，涉及两类膜蛋白。一类是钠离子依赖的葡萄糖转运体，即SLGT家族，参与从小肠的管腔主动转运饮食中的葡萄糖和在肾脏近端小管重新吸收过滤后的葡萄糖。在哺乳动物细胞中发现的第二类葡萄糖转运蛋白，即促进性葡萄糖转运蛋白，代表着似乎存在于所有细胞中的普遍存在的蛋白质。它们具有不同但重叠的组织分布模式，并负责调节葡萄糖通过细胞膜向下的浓度梯度的被动运输。促进性葡萄糖载体是一个结构上相关的膜蛋白家族，目前已经分离和鉴定了编码该家族5个成员--GLUT家族成员的cDNA克隆，寻找该家族的其他成员的工作仍在继续。促进性葡萄糖转运蛋白已经获得了不同的生理和生化特性，使它们能够在表达它们的组织中发挥特定的功能。GLUT家族的分布为胰岛素通过增加细胞表面GLUT4浓度快速和可逆地刺激葡萄糖摄取提供了基础。
Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on recent advances in the molecular biology of glucose transport and on the different mechanisms by which it may be regulated. The regulation of glucose transport in vivo is complex and involves two classes of membrane proteins. One class, that is, the Na+-dependent glucose transporters—the SLGT family—is involved in the active transport of dietary glucose from the lumen of the small intestine and reabsorption of filtered glucose in the proximal tubule of the kidney. The second class of glucose transporters found in mammalian cells, the facilitative glucose transporters, represents ubiquitous proteins that appear to be present on all cells. They have distinct but overlapping patterns of tissue distribution and are responsible for mediating the passive transport of glucose across the cell membrane down its concentration gradient. The facilitative glucose carriers are a family of structurally related membrane proteins and currently cDNA clones encoding five members of this family—the GLUT family—have been isolated and characterized and the search for additional members of this family is continuing. The facilitative glucose transporters have acquired distinct physiological and biochemical properties that allow them to serve specific functions in the tissues in which they are expressed. The distribution of GLUT family provides the basis for a novel but very specific mechanism by which insulin can rapidly and reversibly stimulate glucose uptake by increasing the concentration of GLUT4 at the cell surface.