Quantifying and Comparing Bipolar Versus Freehand Flake Morphologies, Production Currencies, and Reduction Energetics During Lithic Miniaturization
Quantifying and Comparing Bipolar Versus Freehand Flake Morphologies, Production Currencies, and Reduction Energetics During Lithic Miniaturization
复制标题
量化和比较双极与徒手片状形态、生产货币和石质小型化过程中的还原能量
DOI：
10.1080/01977261.2017.1345442
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Eren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Pargeter;M. Eren
摘要两极技术被考古学家认识了一个多世纪，并被人类在几乎所有使用片状石头的考古背景中实践，它涉及至少三个部件(锤子、铁锤和芯子)的协调。考古学家越来越意识到两极还原中的变异性，以至于它很难被认为是单一的统一还原策略。我们的实验研究了轴向双极复位和徒手复位作为打火石上碎石小型化的策略的作用。这些结果为确定考古组合中的两极还原提供了明确的、概率的和可量化的方法。他们还展示了在涉及细小、拉长的薄片生产的情况下，双极还原比徒手还原在时间和能量上的好处。我们的结果对解释非洲、欧洲、北美和澳大利亚的考古组合具有广泛的适用性。
ABSTRACT Recognized by archaeologists for over a century, and practiced by hominins in nearly every archaeological context in which flaked stone is used, bipolar technology involves the coordination of at least three components (hammer, anvil, and core). Archaeologists are increasingly aware of the variability within bipolar reduction, such that it can hardly be considered a single unified reduction strategy. Our experiments investigate the role of axial bipolar reduction versus freehand reduction as strategies for lithic miniaturization on flint. The results provide clear, probabilistic, and quantifiable methods for identifying bipolar reduction in archaeological assemblages. They also show the time and energetic benefits of bipolar reduction over freehand reduction in contexts involving small, elongated flake production. Our results have wide applicability for interpreting archaeological assemblages across Africa, Europe, North America, and Australia.