Heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, and concomitant use by adolescents are associated with unique and shared cognitive decrements.
Heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, and concomitant use by adolescents are associated with unique and shared cognitive decrements.
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617714000666
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发表时间：
2014-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Brown SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Winward JL;Hanson KL;Tapert SF;Brown SA
为了评估认知效应的恢复，我们调查了有重度间歇性饮酒、长期使用大麻或同时使用酒精和大麻病史的青少年在1个月的监测禁欲后的神经心理学表现。有重度间歇性饮酒（HED; n = 24）、大麻使用（MJ; n = 20）、重度酒精和大麻使用（HED+MJ; n = 29）史的青少年（年龄16-18岁）和社会人口统计学相似的对照青少年（CON; n = 55）在4周的监测禁欲后完成了神经心理学成套测试。各组在五年级标准化考试成绩上相似，表明在物质使用开始之前的学术功能相当。相对于CON，HED表现出较差的认知灵活性（p = 0.006），言语回忆（p = 0.024），语义聚类（p = 0.011）和阅读技能（p = 0.018）。MJ在抑制任务准确性（p = 0.015）、线索言语记忆（p = 0.031）和心理速度（p = 0.027）方面的表现比CON差。与HED青少年相似，HED+MJ在认知灵活性（p = .024）和言语回忆（p = .049）方面相对于CON显示出差异。与MJ青少年一样，HED+MJ表现出较差的任务准确性（p = 0.020）。HED+MJ组的独特之处在于相对于CON的工作记忆较差（p = .012）。对于所有物质使用参与者，跨领域的表现较差与更多的酒精和大麻终身使用，更多的酒精戒断症状以及更早的大麻使用年龄相关（ps < .05）。在青春期大量使用酒精、大麻以及同时使用这两种物质似乎与认知功能的下降有关，每种物质（或物质的组合）可能与特定认知领域的表现较差有关（JINS，2014，20，784-795）。
To assess recovery of cognitive effects, we investigated neuropsychological performance after 1 month of monitored abstinence in teens with histories of heavy episodic drinking, protracted marijuana use, or concomitant use of alcohol and marijuana. Adolescents (ages 16–18 years) with histories of heavy episodic drinking (HED; n = 24), marijuana use (MJ; n = 20), both heavy alcohol and marijuana use (HED+MJ; n = 29), and socio-demographically similar control teens (CON; n = 55) completed a neuropsychological battery following 4 weeks of monitored abstinence. Groups were similar on 5th grade standardized test scores, suggesting comparable academic functioning before onset of substance use. Relative to CON, HED showed poorer cognitive flexibility (p = .006), verbal recall (p = .024), semantic clustering (p = .011), and reading skills (p = .018). MJ performed worse than CON on inhibition task accuracy (p = .015), cued verbal memory (p = .031), and psychomotor speed (p = .027). Similar to HED youth, HED+MJ showed differences relative to CON on cognitive flexibility (p = .024) and verbal recall (p = .049). As with MJ teens, HED+MJ showed poorer task accuracy (p = .020). Unique to the HED+MJ group was poorer working memory (p = .012) relative to CON. For all substance using participants, worse performance across domains correlated with more lifetime use of alcohol and of marijuana, more withdrawal symptoms from alcohol, and earlier age of onset of marijuana use (ps < .05). Heavy alcohol use, marijuana use, and concomitant use of both substances during adolescence appear to be associated with decrements in cognitive functioning, and each substance (or combination of substances) may be linked to poorer performance in specific cognitive domains (JINS, 2014, 20, 784–795).