Fortified Communities in the South Caucasus: Insights from Mtsvane Gora and Dmanisis Gora

Fortified Communities in the South Caucasus: Insights from Mtsvane Gora and Dmanisis Gora
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南高加索地区的强化社区:Mtsvane Gora 和 Dmanisis Gora 的见解

DOI:
10.1080/00934690.2022.2074647
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Jachvliani, Dimitri
Jachvliani, Dimitri
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Erb-Satullo, Nathaniel L.;Jachvliani, Dimitri

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堡垒是南高加索青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期景观的典型特征,在格鲁吉亚、亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆以及土耳其东北部的考古调查中记录了数百个遗址。然而,关于这些社区如何运作的研究主要是来自这些遗址中已挖掘的一小部分的证据,区域差异仍然没有得到充分探索。本文讨论了在小高加索边境地区的两个这样的堡垒的发掘,并将其置于全球讨论堡垒及其相关社区的背景下。对建筑、陶瓷和小型发现物的分析确定了这些化合物中各种活动的证据,包括工艺生产和仪式活动。虽然两个堡垒的规模和建筑不同,但两个堡垒都有大量占领的证据表明,这些堡垒是持久的社区,而不是临时避难所。然而,还需要进一步的工作来评估这些堡垒是精英统治下高度有序的机构,还是由共同利益加入的异质社区。
Fortresses are defining features of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age landscape in the South Caucasus, with hundreds of sites recorded in archaeological surveys in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, and northeastern Turkey. Yet, research on how these communities functioned is dominated by evidence from the small fraction of these sites that have been excavated, and regional variability remains underexplored. This paper discusses excavations at two such fortresses in the Lesser Caucasus borderlands and contextualizes them within global discussions about fortresses and their associated communities. Analysis of architecture, ceramics, and small finds identified evidence for a diverse range of activities within these compounds, including both craft production and ritual activity. While the size and construction of the two fortresses differ, the evidence for significant occupation at both suggests that these fortresses were durable communities, not temporary refugia. Further work is necessary, however, to assess whether these fortresses were highly ordered institutions centralized under elite rule or heterarchical communities joined by common interest.
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