Ombrohydrochory: Rain-operated seed dispersal in plants - With special regard to jet-action dispersal in Aizoaceae
Ombrohydrochory: Rain-operated seed dispersal in plants - With special regard to jet-action dispersal in Aizoaceae
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.flora.2005.11.003
复制
发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Parolin, Pia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parolin, Pia
本综述描述了植物中的氨水分散综合症，即通过雨滴排出种子。有两种不同的 ombroHydrochric 分散模式 - 通过雨水冲刷和弹道力分散。热带和温带森林的林下、湿地和沙漠以及许多科和属都报道了这两种情况。水氢传播的一种特殊形式是喷射作用的降雨驱动种子传播机制，其仅限于半沙漠冰植物，相思科，被子植物的主要科之一。在这个家族中，98% 的物种拥有吸湿胶囊，其具有 ornbroHydrochric 种子传播机制，这在一定程度上也是造成显着的物种爆发和辐射的原因。高度复杂的胶囊在潮湿时打开，种子通过雨滴动能的“喷射作用”排出。室的覆盖膜的两半在胶囊中心附近形成喷嘴，用作射流。落在远端开口上的水滴（在小室充满水之后）会导致水滴和种子通过射流爆炸性地喷出。与那些没有这种喷射机构的胶囊类型相比，更多的种子被分散到距离胶囊更远的地方。 (c) 2006 年爱思唯尔集团。版权所有。
The present review describes the ornbrohydrochoric dispersal syndrome in plants, i.e. seed expulsion by raindrops. There are two different ombrohydrochoric dispersal modes - dispersal by rain wash and by ballistic forces. Both have been reported from the understory of tropical and temperate forests, from wetlands and from deserts, and from numerous families and genera. A special form, of ornbrohydrochoric dispersal is the jet-action rain-operated seed dispersal mechanism which is restricted to the semi-desert ice plants, Aizoaceae, one of the major families of the angiosperms. Within this family, 98% of the species possess hygrochastic capsules with an ornbrohydrochoric seed dispersal mechanism which in part are also responsible for the remarkable speciation burst and radiation. The highly complex capsules open when wet, and the seeds are expelled by a 'jet action' with the kinetic energy of raindrops. The halves of the covering membranes of a locule form a nozzle near the centre of the capsule which serves as a jet. Drops of water falling on the distal opening (after the locule has been filled with water) result in an explosive expulsion of water droplets and seeds through that jet. More seeds are dispersed further away from the capsule than in those capsule types without such a jet mechanism. (c) 2006 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved.