Deterring effects of 8-45 kHz tone pulses on harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in a large pool
Deterring effects of 8-45 kHz tone pulses on harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in a large pool
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.05.004
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Triesscheijn, Rob J. V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kastelein, Ronald A.;van der Heul, Sander;Triesscheijn, Rob J. V.
海洋水产养殖业因鳍足类的攻击而遭受损失，这种攻击破坏了网罩和鱼类资源。声骚扰装置（AHD）发出响亮的声音，旨在阻止pinuipeds接近水产养殖围栏。目前，许多AHD发出8-20 kHz频率范围内的声音。目前还不知道更高频率的声音是否对海豹有威慑作用。因此，五个圈养港海豹（Phoca vitulina）进行了四个系列的音调脉冲在一起跨越了广泛的频率范围（8，16，32和45千赫）。脉冲持续时间为250 ms，脉冲间隔为5 s。通过增加振幅，四种声音中的每一种都具有威慑力。海豹们的反应是游开声音。通过比较动物在10个45 min基线期与10个45 min测试期（每天旋转一个频率，共40次）期间的表面位置和表面次数，判断每种声音的位移效应。在40个试验日期间，密封件通过所有四种频率移位。当测试音产生时，海豹比基线期更频繁地浮出水面。初始位移距离在40个试验日内没有变化。这表明，与连续操作AHD相比，仅短时间操作AHD将更有效，并且不太可能导致密封习惯。针对四个脉冲频率中的每一个建立不适阈值声压级（SPL）。声学不适阈值SPL被定义为动物在声音传输期间通常占据的区域与它们在声音传输期间通常不进入的区域之间的边界SPL。不适阈值SPL可以取决于上下文。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The marine aquaculture industry suffers losses due to pinniped attacks which damage net enclosures and fish stocks. Acoustic harassment devices (AHDs) emit loud sounds which are intended to deter pinuipeds from approaching aquaculture enclosures. At present, many AHDs emit sounds in the 8-20 kHz frequency range. It is not known whether sounds of higher frequencies have a deterrent effect on seals. Therefore five captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) were subjected to four series of tone pulses together spanning a broad frequency range (8, 16, 32 and 45 kHz). Pulse duration was 250 ms and pulse interval was 5 s. Each of the four sounds was made deterrent by increasing the amplitude. The seals reacted by swimming away from the sounds. The displacement effect of each sound was judged by comparing the animals' surface positions, and number of surfacings, during ten 45 min baseline periods with ten 45 min test periods per frequency (one frequency per day in rotation, 40 sessions in total). The seals were displaced by all four frequencies throughout the 40 trial days. The seals came to the surface more often when the test tones were produced than in the baseline periods. The initial displacement distances did not change over the 40 test days. This suggests that operating AHDs for only short periods will be more effective and less likely to result in habituation by the seals than operating them continuously. The discomfort threshold sound pressure level (SPL) was established for each of the four pulse frequencies. The acoustic discomfort threshold SPL is defined as the boundary SPL between the area that the animals generally occupied during the transmission of the sounds and the area that they generally did not enter during sound transmission. The discomfort threshold SPL may depend on the context. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.