Biomarkers of exposure to organophosphorous insecticides among farmers' families in rural El Salvador: Factors associated with exposure
Biomarkers of exposure to organophosphorous insecticides among farmers' families in rural El Salvador: Factors associated with exposure
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/enrs.1998.3877
复制
发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Azaroff, LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azaroff, LS
大多数关于农药对健康影响的研究都集中在职业接触方面。人们对社区环境暴露于农业农药的情况知之甚少。这项研究的目的是调查萨尔瓦多农村农民家庭的非职业农药暴露情况，萨尔瓦多是一个以大量使用剧毒化合物而闻名的国家。研究人群包括居住在萨尔瓦多五个农业社区的所有8岁及以上的居民。通过分析尿样中有机磷杀虫剂（OPs）的烷基磷酸盐代谢物，确定了当前有机磷杀虫剂（OPs）的暴露情况。在358个分析样本中，近一半的OP代谢水平可检测到。在不从事农业野外工作的受试者中，30%的人排出了可检测到的代谢水平。儿童和成人的比例相似。个体有机磷代谢物排泄的最佳独立预测因子是(a)过去2周内进行的实地调查，(b)过去2年内家庭农场主的有机磷施用情况，以及(c)家庭母亲报告在家中或院子里使用有机磷的情况。后一种因素与代谢物排泄显著相关，无论个体是否进行了实地调查。这项研究的结果支持一种假设，即很大一部分萨尔瓦多农村人口，包括儿童，通过环境和职业途径接触杀虫剂。(C) 1999学术出版社。
Most studies of the health effects of pesticides have concentrated on occupational exposure. Little is known about community environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides. The purpose of this study was to investigate nonoccupational pesticide exposure among farmers' families in rural El Salvador, a country known for intensive use of extremely toxic compounds. The study population included all residents 8 years and older living in five agricultural communities in El Salvador. Current exposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPs) was established through analysis of urine samples for alkyl phosphate metabolites of OPs. Nearly half of 358 analyzed samples had detectable levels of OP metabolities. Of subjects not performing agricultural fieldwork, 30% nonetheless excreted detectable levels of metabolities. Similar rates held for children and adults. The best independent predictors for an individual's excretion of OP metabolites were (a) performing fieldwork during the past 2 weeks, (b) the head household farmer's application of OPs during the past 2 years, and (c) the household mother reporting use of OPs in the home or yard. The latter factors were significantly associated with metabolite excretion regardless of whether the individual had done fieldwork. The results of this study support the hypothesis that a large proportion of rural Salvadorans, including: children, is exposed to pesticides through environmental as well as occupational routes. (C) 1999 Academic Press.