Can Testing Immunize Memories Against Interference?
Can Testing Immunize Memories Against Interference?
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DOI：
10.1037/a0028218
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Shanks, David R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Potts, Rosalind;Shanks, David R.
测试通常会增强对测试材料的后续回忆。相比之下，有人提出，巩固的记忆在重新激活时可能会不稳定，然后需要重新巩固才能持续存在。重新激活后立即学习新材料可能会破坏重新巩固。我们调查了测试的众所周知的好处是否被检索使记忆更容易受到干扰的趋势所抵消。参与者在第一天学习了 20 个英语-斯瓦希里语单词对（列表 1）。在第 2 天，一组参与者在学习 20 个共享相同线索的英语芬兰语单词对之前立即进行了列表 1 的提醒测试（列表 2）。第二组学习了列表 2，但没有参加列表 1 的提醒测试，第三组单独进行了提醒测试，第四组在第二天什么也没做。在第三天，所有参与者都参加了最终测试。提醒测试不但没有削弱List I的记忆力，反而增强了它，显示出测试效果。此外，当没有提醒测试时，列表 2 学习会扰乱列表 1 记忆，但提醒测试使记忆免受干扰。
Testing typically enhances subsequent recall of tested material. In contrast, it has been proposed that consolidated memories can be destabilized when reactivated and then need to be reconsolidated in order to persist. Learning new material immediately after reactivation may disrupt reconsolidation. We investigated whether the well-known benefits of testing are counterbalanced by a tendency for retrieval to make memory more susceptible to interference. Participants learned 20 English-Swahili word pairs (List 1) on Day I. On Day 2 one group of participants took a reminder test of List 1 immediately before learning 20 English Finnish word pairs sharing the same cues (List 2). A second group learned List 2 without taking the reminder test of List 1, a third took the reminder test alone, and a fourth group did nothing on Day 2. On Day 3 all participants took a final test. The reminder test, far from impairing List I memory, enhanced it, revealing a testing effect. Furthermore, List 2 learning disrupted List 1 memory when there was no reminder test, but reminder testing immunized the memory against interference.