Action scheduling in multitasking: A multi-phase framework of response-order control
Action scheduling in multitasking: A multi-phase framework of response-order control
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-018-01660-w
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Huestegge, Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pieczykolan, Aleks;Huestegge, Lynn
当必须同时处理多个操作需求时，人类行为的时间组织尤为重要。在这种多任务情况下，一个关键的挑战是控制时间反应顺序。然而，多任务处理的研究通常集中在特定的反应顺序（通常由刺激序列和指令触发）确定后的时间加工动态，而对反应顺序调度机制的全面研究仍然缺乏。通过三个心理不应期（PRP）实验，我们考察了刺激顺序、反应特征和其他几个因素对反应顺序的影响。至关重要的是，我们首先利用了已知的效应系统（眼动和手动）的组合，以确保合理的响应顺序可变性。结果表明，与之前的假设相反，自下而上的因素（如刺激顺序）不是时间动作调度的主要决定因素。相反，我们发现基于效应的特征（即动眼肌任务优先级）的主要影响可以通过指令和任务环境的变化（提供暂时可预测的输入）来减弱。任务间兼容性的影响表明，一个专门的刺激码比较过程先于并影响响应顺序调度。在此基础上，我们提出了一个多阶段的时间反应顺序控制框架，该框架强调动作调度的认知控制对特定任务特征的动态适应程度。
Temporal organization of human behavior is particularly important when several action requirements must be processed around the same time. A crucial challenge in such multitasking situations is to control the temporal response order. However, multitasking studies usually focus on temporal processing dynamics after a specific response order - which is usually triggered by stimulus sequence and instructions - has been determined, whereas a comprehensive study of response- order scheduling mechanisms is still lacking. Across three psychological refractory period (PRP) experiments, we examined the impact of stimulus order, response characteristics, and several other factors on response order. Crucially, we utilized a combination of effector systems (oculomotor and manual) that are known to ensure reasonable response order variability in the first place. The results suggest that - contrary to previous assumptions - bottom-up factors (e.g., stimulus order) are not the primary determinant of temporal action scheduling. Instead, we found a major influence of effector- based characteristics (i.e., oculomotor task prioritization) that could be attenuated by both instructions and changes in the task environment (providing temporally predictable input). Effects of between-task compatibility suggest that a dedicated stimulus-code comparison process precedes and affects response- order scheduling. Based on the present results and previous findings, we propose a multi-phase framework of temporal response-order control that emphasizes the extent to which cognitive control of action scheduling is dynamically adaptive to particular task characteristics.