Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide
Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-12-2641-2012
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Stipa, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jalkanen, J. -P.;Johansson, L.;Stipa, T.
提出了一种基于自动识别系统(AIS)提供的信息来评估海上交通废气排放的方法，该系统能够以高空间分辨率(通常为几十米)对船舶排放进行定位。该模型还考虑了每艘船的详细技术数据。该模型适用于评价NOx、SOx和CO2的排放。本文介绍了对模拟系统的实质性扩展，以考虑颗粒物(PM)和一氧化碳(CO)的基于质量的排放。目前提出的船舶交通排放评估模型(STEAM2)考虑了准确的航行路线和船速、发动机负荷、燃油硫含量、多发动机设置、减排方法和波浪的影响。我们特别讨论了发动机负荷和燃料含硫量对排放的影响的建模。该方法可用于评价PM的总排放量，以及有机碳、元素碳、灰分和水合硫酸盐的排放量。我们根据现有的发动机功率、油耗和PM成分分解排放的实验数据对扩展模型的性能进行了评估我们还将年平均排放量与相应的EMEP清单的排放量进行了比较，作为例子，给出了丹麦海峡周围波罗的海海域PM和CO排放量的地理分布。
A method is presented for the evaluation of the exhaust emissions of marine traffic, based on the messages provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which enable the positioning of ship emissions with a high spatial resolution (typically a few tens of metres). The model also takes into account the detailed technical data of each individual vessel. The previously developed model was applicable for evaluating the emissions of NOx, SOx and CO2. This paper addresses a substantial extension of the modelling system, to allow also for the mass-based emissions of particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). The presented Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model (STEAM2) allows for the influences of accurate travel routes and ship speed, engine load, fuel sulphur content, multiengine setups, abatement methods and waves. We address in particular the modeling of the influence on the emissions of both engine load and the sulphur content of the fuel. The presented methodology can be used to evaluate the total PM emissions, and those of organic carbon, elemental carbon, ash and hydrated sulphate. We have evaluated the performance of the extended model against available experimental data on engine power, fuel consumption and the composition-resolved emissions of PM. We have also compared the annually averaged emission values with those of the corresponding EMEP inventory, As example results, the geographical distributions of the emissions of PM and CO are presented for the marine regions of the Baltic Sea surrounding the Danish Straits.