Anthropogenic disturbance induces opposing population trends in spotted hyenas and African lions
Anthropogenic disturbance induces opposing population trends in spotted hyenas and African lions
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DOI：
10.1007/s10531-017-1469-7
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Holekamp, K. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Green, D. S.;Johnson-Ulrich, L.;Holekamp, K. E.
由于与人类的直接和间接冲突，大型食肉动物的数量正在全球范围内下降。保护区对于保护大型食肉动物至关重要，但这些保护区附近日益增加的人与野生动物冲突，旅游业和人口增长可能会对保护区边界内的食肉动物产生负面影响。我们的目标是调查如何人为干扰沿着边缘的马赛马拉国家保护区，肯尼亚，影响人口和空间利用的两个大型食肉动物物种，从事激烈的种间竞争。在这里，我们的文件，在一个受干扰的区域的保护区，一个大型捕食者，斑点鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）的人口规模迅速增加，但另一个，非洲狮（Panthera leo）的数量显着的同时下降。人为干扰对狮子种群产生了负面影响，而狮子数量的减少似乎对鬣狗种群产生了积极影响，这表明幼年存活率的增加。我们还看到被鬣狗吃掉的牲畜数量增加了。我们的研究结果表明，人口增长和人类活动的间接影响沿着保护区边界可能会影响保护区本身内的营养级联。这些结果表明，自上而下和自下而上的过程都导致了食肉动物群落的转变，并在非洲最壮观的保护区之一的边界内对行会结构进行了重大破坏。
Large carnivore populations are declining worldwide due to direct and indirect conflicts with humans. Protected areas are critical for conserving large carnivores, but increasing human-wildlife conflict, tourism, and human population growth near these sanctuaries may have negative effects on the carnivores within sanctuary borders. Our goals were to investigate how anthropogenic disturbance along the edge of the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, influences the demography and space-use of two large carnivore species that engage in intense interspecific competition. Here we document, in one disturbed region of the Reserve, a rapid increase in the population size of one large predator, the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), but a striking concurrent decline in numbers of another, the African lion (Panthera leo). Anthropogenic disturbances negatively affected lion populations, and decreasing lion numbers appear to have a positive effect on hyena populations, indicated here by an increase in juvenile survivorship. We also saw an increase in the number of livestock consumed by hyenas. Our results suggest human population growth and indirect effects of human activity along Reserve boundaries may be effecting a trophic cascade inside the Reserve itself. These results indicate both top-down and bottom-up processes are causing a shift in the carnivore community, and a major disruption of guild structure, inside the boundaries of one of the most spectacular protected areas in Africa.