Molecular mechanisms of stress granule assembly and disassembly.
Molecular mechanisms of stress granule assembly and disassembly.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118876
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ivanov P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hofmann S;Kedersha N;Anderson P;Ivanov P
应激颗粒(SGS)是一种基于核糖核蛋白的无膜细胞间隔，当暴露于各种环境应激源时，在细胞质中形成。SGS包含大量蛋白质，以及由于应激诱导的多聚体分解而在翻译过程中停滞不前的mRNAs。尽管SGS已被广泛研究多年，但其功能仍不清楚。它们可能帮助细胞应对所遇到的压力，并促进应力消除后的恢复过程，在此过程中SGS被分解。SGS的异常形成和SG分解受损是癌症、病毒感染和神经退行性变等各种病理现象的主要原因。SGS的组装在很大程度上是由液-液相分离(LLP)驱动的，但其背后的分子机制尚不完全清楚。最近的研究提出了一种新的SG形成机制，涉及到mRNAs和蛋白质的大型相互作用网络的相互作用。在这里，我们回顾了这一用于SGS组装的新概念，并讨论了目前对SG拆卸的见解。
Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less ribonucleoprotein-based cellular compartments that form in the cytoplasm of a cell upon exposure to various environmental stressors. SGs contain a large set of proteins, as well as mRNAs that have been stalled in translation as a result of stress-induced polysome disassembly. Despite the fact that SGs have been extensively studied for many years, their function is still not clear. They presumably help the cell to cope with the encountered stress, and facilitate the recovery process after stress removal, upon which SGs disassemble. Aberrant formation of SGs and impaired SG disassembly majorly contributes to various pathological phenomena in cancer, viral infections, and neurodegeneration. The assembly of SGs is largely driven by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), however the molecular mechanisms behind that are not fully understood. Recent studies have proposed a novel mechanism for SG formation that involves the interplay of a large interaction network of mRNAs and proteins. Here we review this novel concept for the assembly of SGs, and discuss the current insights into SG disassembly.
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