White Wheat Grain Quality Changes with Genotype, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Water Stress
White Wheat Grain Quality Changes with Genotype, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Water Stress
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白小麦籽粒品质随基因型、氮肥施肥和水分胁迫而变化
DOI：
10.2134/agronj2007.0166
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
B. Hoefer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. S. Pierre;C. S. Pierre;C. J. Peterson;A. Ross;J. Ohm;J. Ohm;M. Verhoeven;M. Larson;B. Hoefer
以硬白色冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）在不同的环境中具有可接受的蛋白质含量和质量需要基因型和管理实践的正确组合。本研究的目的是评估水分亏缺和氮素管理对7个HWW和2个软白色冬（SWW）基因型的籽粒蛋白质和品质的影响，并确定使籽粒品质变异最小化的基因型和性状。在谷物灌浆期间对地块进行灌溉，以替代估计蒸散量（ET）的100%至<30%。三个基因型的生物量在整个灌溉水平被用来作为一个综合估计植物水分胁迫后期灌浆。水分胁迫下的生物量减少往往是较高的，如果地块收到高N施肥。水分胁迫降低了籽粒产量、容重、粒重和直径。减少灌溉使平均籽粒蛋白质含量从116.4 g kg-1增加到128.3 g kg-1。氮素处理对籽粒产量无影响。增施氮肥提高了各基因型籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度。在高氮条件下，小麦的容重、粒重和粗度均降低。施氮量过高会增加籽粒数，延长灌浆期，造成更严重的水热胁迫。随着水分胁迫的增加，SWW基因型比HWW基因型的试验体重降低幅度更大。在HWW基因型中，晚熟基因型比早熟基因型具有更大的试验重量减少。在晚季水分胁迫常见的地区，早熟基因型更有可能产生一致的谷物品质。
The production of hard white winter (HWW) wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) with acceptable protein content and quality over different environments requires the correct combination of genotypes and management practices. The objectives of this study were to evaluate moisture deficit and N management on grain protein and quality of seven HWW and two soft white winter (SWW) genotypes, and to identify genotypes and traits that minimize grain quality variability. Plots were irrigated during grain fill to replace from 100 to <30% of estimated evapotranspiration (ET). Biomass of three genotypes across the irrigation levels was used as an integrated estimation of plant water stress at late grain fill. Biomass reductions under water stress tended to be higher if plots received high N fertilization. Water stress reduced grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight and diameter. Reducing irrigation increased average grain protein content from 116.4 to 128.3 g kg -1 . Nitrogen treatment did not affect grain yield. Additional N increased grain protein content and hardness for all genotypes. Reductions in test weight, and grain weight and diameter were observed under high N fertilization. High N fertilization would increase the numbers of kernels and extend the grain-fill period, which result in greater water and heat stress. The SWW genotypes had greater reductions in test weight than HWW genotypes with increasing water stress. Among HWW genotypes, late maturing genotypes had larger reductions in test weight than early genotypes. In regions where late season water stress is common, early maturing genotypes are more likely to produce consistent grain quality.