Temporal encoding strategies result in boosts to final free recall performance comparable to spatial ones
Temporal encoding strategies result in boosts to final free recall performance comparable to spatial ones
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DOI：
10.3758/s13421-017-0742-z
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Ekstrom, Arne D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouffard, Nichole;Stokes, Jared;Ekstrom, Arne D.
位点法是一种非常有效的助记方法，它利用现有的空间位置显著记忆，并利用这些信息作为记忆一系列项目的框架（耶茨，1966）。对于基因座空间方法的有效性，一个可能的解释是，它利用了海马体中进化保存的空间导航机制(Maguire等人在《美国国家科学院院刊》，97(8),4398-4403,2000；O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978；Rodriguez et al. Brain Research Bulletin, 57(3), 499- 503,2002)。最近，代表时间信息的神经元也在海马体中被描述(Eichenbaum in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(11), 732-744, 2014；Itskov, Curto, Pastalkova, & Buzsaki，《神经科学杂志》，31(8),2828-2834,2011；MacDonald, Lepage, Eden, & Eichenbaum in Neuron, 71(4), 737-749, 2011；Mankin等人在《美国国家科学院院刊》，109(47),19662 -19467,2012；Meck, Church, & Matell，行为神经科学，127(5),642,2013)，挑战基于空间的功能在海马处理中的首要地位。考虑到海马体中存在空间和时间编码机制，我们预测主要的时间编码策略也可能增强记忆。在两个不同的实验中，我们要求参与者使用位点的（空间）方法（例如，他们家的布局作为组织特征）或使用两种新的时间方法（例如，自传体记忆或使用制作三明治的步骤）来学习不相关的名词列表。两种时间编码策略下，参与者最终的自由回忆表现都显示出与位点方法相当的提升，三种脚手架方法的表现都远高于无指导的自由回忆。我们的研究结果表明，与空间方法相比，主要是时间表征可以有效地用于提高记忆性能，但需要注意的是，与空间方法相比，参与者似乎更容易掌握空间方法。
The method of loci is a highly effective mnemonic that recruits existing salient memory for spatial locations and uses the information as a scaffold for remembering a list of items (Yates, 1966). One possible account for the effectiveness of the spatial method of loci comes from the perspective that it utilizes evolutionarily preserved mechanisms for spatial navigation within the hippocampus (Maguire et al. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(8), 4398-4403, 2000; O'Keefe & Nadel, 1978; Rodriguez et al. in Brain Research Bulletin, 57(3), 499-503, 2002). Recently, though, neurons representing temporal information have also been described within the hippocampus (Eichenbaum in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(11), 732-744, 2014; Itskov, Curto, Pastalkova, & Buzsaki in The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(8), 2828-2834, 2011; MacDonald, Lepage, Eden, & Eichenbaum in Neuron, 71(4), 737-749, 2011; Mankin et al. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(47), 19462-19467, 2012; Meck, Church, & Matell in Behavioral Neuroscience, 127(5), 642, 2013), challenging the primacy of spatial-based functions to hippocampal processing. Given the presence of both spatial and temporal coding mechanisms within the hippocampus, we predicted that primarily temporal encoding strategies might also enhance memory. In two different experiments, we asked participants to learn lists of unrelated nouns using the (spatial) method of loci (i.e., the layout of their home as the organizing feature) or using two novel temporal methods (i.e., autobiographical memories or using the steps to making a sandwich). Participants' final free recall performance showed comparable boosts to the method of loci for both temporal encoding strategies, with all three scaffolding approaches demonstrating performance well above uninstructed free recall. Our findings suggest that primarily temporal representations can be used effectively to boost memory performance, comparable to spatial methods, with some caveats related to the relative ease with which participants appear to master the spatial versus temporal methods.