Interlingual Interactions Elicit Performance Mismatches Not “Compromise” Categories in Early Bilinguals: Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Coronal Stops
Interlingual Interactions Elicit Performance Mismatches Not “Compromise” Categories in Early Bilinguals: Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Coronal Stops
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早期双语者的语际互动导致表现不匹配，而不是“妥协”类别：来自荟萃分析和冠状停止的证据
作者：
Joseph V. Casillas
先前的研究证明，一些早期的双语者产生他们的语言的声音的方式，其特点是“妥协”的单语发言者。本研究使用元分析技术和冠状位停止数据，以评估这一说法。我们的目标是通过对文献进行全面评估，并对早期西班牙语-英语双语者的冠状位进行声学分析，来评估早期双语者语音中“妥协”语音起始时间（VOT）的累积证据。这些研究被编码为语言学和方法学特征，以及效应量，然后使用交叉分类的贝叶斯荟萃分析进行分析。“妥协”VOT的合并效应可以忽略不计（β =-0.13）。对冠状光阑数据的声学分析表明，早期的西班牙语-英语双语者经常产生与另一种语言不匹配的西班牙语和英语目标。这些表现不匹配可能是实验任务引起的语际互动的结果。两者合计，结果表明，早期的双语者没有“妥协”的VOT，虽然他们的讲话涉及动态语音的相互作用，可以表面表现不匹配在语音生产。
Previous studies attest that some early bilinguals produce the sounds of their languages in a manner that is characterized as “compromise” with regard to monolingual speakers. The present study uses meta-analytic techniques and coronal stop data from early bilinguals in order to assess this claim. The goal was to evaluate the cumulative evidence for “compromise” voice-onset time (VOT) in the speech of early bilinguals by providing a comprehensive assessment of the literature and presenting an acoustic analysis of coronal stops from early Spanish–English bilinguals. The studies were coded for linguistic and methodological features, as well as effect sizes, and then analyzed using a cross-classified Bayesian meta-analysis. The pooled effect for “compromise” VOT was negligible (β = −0.13). The acoustic analysis of the coronal stop data showed that the early Spanish–English bilinguals often produced Spanish and English targets with mismatched features from their other language. These performance mismatches presumably occurred as a result of interlingual interactions elicited by the experimental task. Taken together, the results suggest that early bilinguals do not have “compromise” VOT, though their speech involves dynamic phonetic interactions that can surface as performance mismatches during speech production.