SEQUENTIAL RAPID ADAPTATION OF INDIGENOUS PARASITOID WASPS TO THE INVASIVE BUTTERFLY PIERIS BRASSICAE
SEQUENTIAL RAPID ADAPTATION OF INDIGENOUS PARASITOID WASPS TO THE INVASIVE BUTTERFLY PIERIS BRASSICAE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00165.x
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发表时间：
2007-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shingo Tanaka;T. Nishida;N. Ohsaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shingo Tanaka;T. Nishida;N. Ohsaki
摘要一个新物种的引入可以改变群落中其他物种的特征。这些变化可能通过相邻的营养级影响不连续的营养级。外来寄主的入侵可能提供了观察不同营养级寄生蜂种间相互作用的动态变化的机会。外来的大型白色蝴蝶菜粉蝶（Pieris brassicae）入侵日本北海道岛，并迅速在全岛蔓延。在入侵之前，小的白色蝴蝶P. raismus是初级寄生蜂Cotesia glomerata的宿主，其幼虫的重寄生蜂Baryscapus galactopus和蛹的重寄生蜂Trichomalopsis apanteroctena都依赖于此。在入侵的时候，C。团头鲂一般只在小团头鲂中产卵。然而，在入侵后的五年里，C。小白菜蚜的窝卵数逐渐减少，而甘蓝蚜的窝卵数逐渐增加。田间试验结果与实验室试验结果一致，表明油菜疫霉的寄生率增加。C. glomerata为两种超寄生蜂提供了选择替代宿主的机会，即C. glomerata在P.brassicae和C. glomerata内的P.实际上，蛹重寄生蜂T. apanteroctena逐渐向C. glomerata的幼虫重寄生蜂B. galactopus对C. glomerata在P.寄主偏好的这些变化可能是由于两种寄主类型的适宜性不同所致。幼虫重寄生蜂偏爱C. glomerata在P.raismata到C.这可能是因为甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的攻击性较强，从而阻碍了重寄生蜂的寄生，而蛹重寄生蜂则可以通过改变寄主选择性来利用无竞争资源。因此，甘蓝蚜小蜂的入侵改变了甘蓝蚜小蜂的寄主利用。glomerata和蛹重寄生蜂T. apanteroctena在很短的时间内。
Abstract The introduction of a new species can change the characteristics of other species within a community. These changes may affect discontiguous trophic levels via adjacent trophic levels. The invasion of an exotic host species may provide the opportunity to observe the dynamics of changing interspecific interactions among parasitoids belonging to different trophic levels. The exotic large white butterfly Pieris brassicae invaded Hokkaido Island, Japan, and quickly spread throughout the island. Prior to the invasion, the small white butterfly P. rapae was the host of the primary parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, on which both the larval hyperparasitoid Baryscapus galactopus and the pupal hyperparasitoid Trichomalopsis apanteroctena depended. At the time of the invasion, C. glomerata generally laid eggs exclusively in P. rapae. During the five years following the invasion, however, the clutch size of C. glomerata in P. rapae gradually decreased, whereas the clutch size in P. brassicae increased. The field results corresponded well with laboratory experiments showing an increase in the rate of parasitism in P. brassicae. The host expansion of C. glomerata provided the two hyperparasitoids with an opportunity to choose between alternative hosts, that is, C. glomerata within P. brassicae and C. glomerata within P. rapae. Indeed, the pupal hyperparasitoid T. apanteroctena shifted its preference gradually to C. glomerata in P. brassicae, whereas the larval hyperparasitoid B. galactopus maintained a preference for C. glomerata in P. rapae. These changes in host preference may result from differential suitability of the two host types. The larval hyperparasitoid preferred C. glomerata within P. rapae to C. glomerata within P. brassicae, presumably because P. brassicae larvae attacked aggressively, thereby hindering the parasitization, whereas the pupal hyperparasitoid could take advantage of the competition-free resource by shifting its host preference. Consequently, the invasion of P. brassicae has changed the host use of the primary parasitoid C. glomerata and the pupal hyperparasitoid T. apanteroctena within a very short time.