Sex differences in variance of intelligence across childhood
Sex differences in variance of intelligence across childhood
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DOI：
10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.027
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Plomin, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arden, Rosalind;Plomin, Robert
为什么男性在高智商人群中所占比例过高？有一些经验支持的一种可能性是，成年男性之间的差异更大。几乎没有公开的证据表明这种差异的发展——它是在儿童早期表现出来还是在以后发展？我们从一组英国儿童样本中，从2岁、3岁、4岁、7岁、9岁和10岁的语言和非语言能力测试中提取了一项一般能力因子得分的表型差异，并对其进行了性别差异研究。通过Levene的方差同质性检验，我们发现除了两岁之外，男孩在所有年龄段都有较大的差异，尽管女孩在两到七岁之间的平均优势。根据卡方检验，在2岁、3岁和4岁时，女孩在高尾的比例明显过高，男孩在低尾的比例明显过高。到10岁时，男孩的平均值更高，方差更大，并且在高尾中被过度代表。性别差异很早就出现了——甚至在学前教育之前——这表明它们不是由教育影响决定的。(c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Why are males over-represented at the upper extremes of intelligence? One possibility for which there is some empirical support is that variance is greater among adult males. There is little published evidence of the development of that variability - is it manifest in early childhood or does it develop later?We explored sex differences in phenotypic variance in scores on a general ability factor extracted from several tests of verbal and non-verbal ability at ages 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 and 10 (Ns from > 10,000 to > 2000) in a sample of British children.We found greater variance, by Levene's test of homogeneity of variance, among boys at every age except age two despite the girls' mean advantage from ages two to seven. Girls are significantly over-represented, as measured by chi-square tests, at the high tail and boys at the low tail at ages 2, 3 and 4. By age 10 the boys have a higher mean, greater variance and are over-represented in the high tail. Sex differences in variance emerge early - even before pre-school - suggesting that they are not determined by educational influences. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.