Both temperature fluctuations and East Asian monsoons have driven plant diversification in the karst ecosystems from southern China
Both temperature fluctuations and East Asian monsoons have driven plant diversification in the karst ecosystems from southern China
复制标题
气温波动和东亚季风推动了中国南方喀斯特生态系统的植物多样化
DOI：
10.1111/mec.14367
复制
发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Kang, Ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kong, Hanghui;Condamine, Fabien L.;Kang, Ming
中国南部的喀斯特生态系统是物种丰富的，具有高水平的特有性，但在导致喀斯特生物多样性的起源和多样化的进化过程中知之甚少。 Primulina属（Gesneriaceae）包括Ca。 170个中国南部地区特有的物种，具有高水平的生态（Edaphic）专业化，提供了一种研究喀斯特植物多样化的特殊模型。我们使用了来自九个叶绿体和11个核区域的分子数据以及宏观进化分析来评估由于原始环境变化而引起的物种多样化的起源和原因，并且在Primulina中专业化。我们发现，通过Primulina的进化史，物种与过去温度和东亚季风的变化呈正相关。中新世中期周围的气候变化引发了早期爆发，随后随着气候冷却的速度，多元化速度放缓。我们检测到了势类型之间的不同种种速率，土壤类型之间的过渡很少，并且不会影响整体物种形成率。我们的发现表明，全球温度变化和东亚季风在中国南部的喀斯特生态系统内的植物多样化中起着至关重要的作用，因此，当气候变暖和潮湿时，物种形成更高。这是第一个直接证明过去季风活性与东亚物种率正相关的研究。该案例研究可以激发进一步的调查，以评估过去环境变化对全球喀斯特生态系统生物多样性的起源和多样化的影响，其中大多数受到威胁。
Karst ecosystems in southern China are species-rich and have high levels of endemism, yet little is known regarding the evolutionary processes responsible for the origin and diversification of karst biodiversity. The genus Primulina (Gesneriaceae) comprises ca. 170 species endemic to southern China with high levels of ecological (edaphic) specialization, providing an exceptional model to study the plant diversification in karsts. We used molecular data from nine chloroplast and 11 nuclear regions and macroevolutionary analyses to assess the origin and cause of species diversification due to palaeoenvironmental changes and edaphic specialization in Primulina. We found that speciation was positively associated with changes in past temperatures and East Asian monsoons through the evolutionary history of Primulina. Climatic change around the mid-Miocene triggered an early burst followed by a slowdown of diversification rate towards the present with the climate cooling. We detected different speciation rates among edaphic types, and transitions among soil types were infrequently and did not impact the overall speciation rate. Our findings suggest that both global temperature changes and East Asian monsoons have played crucial roles in floristic diversification within the karst ecosystems in southern China, such that speciation was higher when climate was warmer and wetter. This is the first study to directly demonstrate that past monsoon activity is positively correlated with speciation rate in East Asia. This case study could motivate further investigations to assess the impacts of past environmental changes on the origin and diversification of biodiversity in global karst ecosystems, most of which are under threat.