Drinking water source and chlorination byproducts I. Risk of bladder cancer
Drinking water source and chlorination byproducts I. Risk of bladder cancer
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DOI：
10.1097/00001648-199801000-00007
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Craun, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cantor, KP;Lynch, CF;Craun, G
我们于1986-1989年在爱荷华州进行了一项基于人群的膀胱癌病例对照研究，以评估含有氯化副产物的自来水所带来的风险。我们将居住历史、饮用水源、饮料摄入量和其他因素的信息与供水公司的历史数据和测量的污染物水平相结合，以创建过去接触氯化副产物的设备。该研究包括1123例病例和1983例对照，他们拥有与一生中至少70%的饮用水源相关的数据。在校正了潜在的混杂因素后，我们计算了氯化地表水持续时间的比值比，分别为1.0（参照）、1.0、1.1、1.2和1.5，分别适用于0,1 - 19,20 - 39,40 -59年和大于或等于60年的使用。我们还发现了总副产物摄入量和平均终生副产物摄入量之间的关联，如三卤甲烷估算值所示。阳性结果仅限于男性和长期吸烟者。在男性中，比值比为1.0（参考）、1.1、1.3、1.5和1.9，在吸烟者中，在调整吸烟强度和时间后，比值比为1.0、1.1、1.3、1.0和2.2。在不吸烟的男性和女性中，无论吸烟习惯如何，都没有关联。在男性中，吸烟和接触含氯地表水会增加患膀胱癌的风险。我们发现的膀胱癌风险与使用氯化地表水的时间长短之间的总体关联与其他调查的结果一致，但男性和女性之间、吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的风险差异尚未得到广泛观察。
We conducted a population-based case control study of bladder cancer in Iowa in 1986-1989 to evaluate the risk posed by tapwater containing chlorination byproducts. We combined information about residential history, drinking water source, beverage intake, and other factors with historical data from water utilities and measured contaminant levels to create in dices of past exposure to chlorination byproducts. The study comprised 1,123 cases and 1,983 controls who had data relat ing to at least 70% of their lifetime drinking water source. After we adjusted for potential confounders, we calculated odds ratios for duration of chlorinated surface water of 1.0 (referent), 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.5 for 0, 1-19, 20-39, 40-59, and greater than or equal to 60 years of use. We also found associations with total and average lifetime byproduct intake, as represented by trihalomethane estimates. Positive findings were restricted to men and to ever-smokers. Among men, odds ratios were 1.0 (referent), 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, and 1.9, and among ever smokers, 1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.0, and 2.2, after adjustment for intensity and timing of smoking. Among nonsmoking men and women, regardless of smoking habit, there was no association. Among men, smoking and exposure to chlorinated surface water mutually enhanced the risk of bladder cancer. The overall association of bladder cancer risk with duration of chlorinated surface water use that we found is consistent with the findings of other investigations, bur the differences in risk between men and women, and between smokers and nonsmokers, have not been widely observed.