PATERNAL CARE: DIRECT AND INDIRECT GENETIC EFFECTS OF FATHERS ON OFFSPRING PERFORMANCE
PATERNAL CARE: DIRECT AND INDIRECT GENETIC EFFECTS OF FATHERS ON OFFSPRING PERFORMANCE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01699.x
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Moore, Allen J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Head, Megan L.;Berry, Lisa K.;Moore, Allen J.
关于父母照料产生的遗传效应如何影响后代特征进化的知识几乎完全来自于对母亲照料的研究。然而，雄性在某些分类群中提供照顾，而且这种照顾往往在质量或数量上与雌性不同。如果父系照料的差异是基于遗传的，那么，就像母系照料和母体效应一样，父系效应可能通过间接遗传效应(IGES)对后代特征的进化产生重要影响。IGES和与父母照料相关的直接遗传协方差可以极大地影响总遗传力，并影响有关性状对选择的反应的预测。然而，尚不清楚父亲产生的父母影响的大小和标志是否与母亲产生的相同。我们使用互惠交叉培养实验来量化环境和遗传对埋葬甲虫后代表现的父亲照顾的影响。我们发现IGES是实质性的，直接-间接遗传协方差为负。这些模式结合在一起，导致后代表现性状的总遗传力较低。因此，在父亲的照料下，后代的表现特征不太可能因选择而进化，并且这些特征的变异将在种群中保持，尽管这些特征可能有很强的选择。这些模式与母亲护理产生的模式相似，表明护理对后代表现的遗传影响与照顾者的性别无关。
Knowledge of how genetic effects arising from parental care influence the evolution of offspring traits comes almost exclusively from studies of maternal care. However, males provide care in some taxa, and often this care differs from females in quality or quantity. If variation in paternal care is genetically based then, like maternal care and maternal effects, paternal effects may have important consequences for the evolution of offspring traits via indirect genetic effects (IGEs). IGEs and directindirect genetic covariances associated with parental care can contribute substantially to total heritability and influence predictions about how traits respond to selection. It is unknown, however, if the magnitude and sign of parental effects arising from fathers are the same as those arising from mothers. We used a reciprocal cross-fostering experiment to quantify environmental and genetic effects of paternal care on offspring performance in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides. We found that IGEs were substantial and direct-indirect genetic covariances were negative. Combined, these patterns led to low total heritabilities for offspring performance traits. Thus, under paternal care, offspring performance traits are unlikely to evolve in response to selection, and variation in these traits will be maintained in the population despite potentially strong selection on these traits. These patterns are similar to those generated by maternal care, indicating that the genetic effects of care on offspring performance are independent of the caregiver's sex.