Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything
Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8721.00152
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Gross, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gross, JJ
情感似乎来来去去，随心所欲。然而，我们实际上对自己的情绪有相当大的影响力：我们影响我们有哪些情绪，以及我们如何体验和表达这些情绪。这里描述的情绪调节的过程模型表明，我们如何调节我们的情绪很重要。在情绪生成过程中较早采取的调控策略应该与较晚采取行动的策略产生截然不同的结果。本文重点介绍了两种广泛使用的情绪下调策略。第一个是重新评估，它出现在情绪生成过程的早期。它包括改变我们对一种情况的看法，以减少它的情感影响。第二种是压抑，它出现在情绪产生过程的较晚阶段。它包括抑制情绪的外在迹象。理论和研究表明，重新评估比压制更有效。重新评估减少了情绪的体验和行为表达，对记忆没有影响。相比之下，压抑会减少行为表达，但不会增加情感的体验，实际上会损害记忆。压抑还会增加抑制者及其社会伴侣的生理反应。
Emotions seem to come and go as they please. However, we actually hold considerable sway over our emotions: We influence which emotions we have and how we experience and express these emotions. The process model of emotion regulation described here suggests that how we regulate our emotions matters. Regulatory strategies that act early in the emotion-generative process should have quite different outcomes than strategies that act later. This review focuses on two widely used strategies for down-regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion-generative process. It consists of changing how we think about a situation in order to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion-generative process. It involves inhibiting the outward signs of emotion. Theory and research suggest that reappraisal is more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases the experience and behavioral expression of emotion, and has no impact an memory. By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to crease the experience of, emotion, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding in both the suppressors and their social partners.