Airborne signals synchronize the defenses of neighboring plants in response to touch.
Airborne signals synchronize the defenses of neighboring plants in response to touch.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/ery375
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发表时间：
2019-01-07
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Ninkovic V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Markovic D;Colzi I;Taiti C;Ray S;Scalone R;Gregory Ali J;Mancuso S;Ninkovic V
温柔的触摸是一种有效的刺激，在激活转录的几个防御相关的基因参与特定挥发物的排放。挥发物在邻近的植物中激活相同的基因。植物激活防御相关的途径，以应对微妙的非生物或生物干扰，迅速改变其挥发性概况。这种扰动如何到达并潜在地影响邻近的植物还不太清楚。我们评估了短暂和轻微的触摸是否对焦点植物和邻近未触摸植物的挥发物和基因表达的概况产生级联效应。在接触后的几分钟内，玉米表现出某些防御基因的上调，并增加了特定挥发物的排放，这些挥发物引发了邻近植物，使它们对蚜虫的吸引力降低。暴露于挥发物从触摸植物激活许多相同的防御相关的基因在非触摸相邻的植物，表现出转录镜像效应的基因表达上调短暂的接触。迄今被忽视的触摸诱导的挥发性有机化合物的感知具有生态学意义，因为这些挥发物直接参与植物-植物通信，作为附近植物之间快速防御同步的有效触发器。我们的研究结果揭示了植物在分子水平上对机械接触的反应机制，以及植物-植物相互作用中诱导挥发物作为气载信号的生态作用。
Gentle touch is an effective stimulus in the activation of transcription of several defense-related genes involved in the emission of specific volatiles. The volatiles activate the same genes in neighboring plants. Plants activate defense-related pathways in response to subtle abiotic or biotic disturbances, changing their volatile profile rapidly. How such perturbations reach and potentially affect neighboring plants is less understood. We evaluated whether brief and light touching had a cascade effect on the profile of volatiles and gene expression of the focal plant and a neighboring untouched plant. Within minutes after contact, Zea mays showed an up-regulation of certain defense genes and increased the emission of specific volatiles that primed neighboring plants, making them less attractive for aphids. Exposure to volatiles from touched plants activated many of the same defense-related genes in non-touched neighboring plants, demonstrating a transcriptional mirroring effect for expression of genes up-regulated by brief contact. Perception of so-far-overlooked touch-induced volatile organic compounds was of ecological significance as these volatiles are directly involved in plant–plant communication as an effective trigger for rapid defense synchronization among nearby plants. Our findings shed new light on mechanisms of plant responses to mechanical contact at the molecular level and on the ecological role of induced volatiles as airborne signals in plant–plant interactions.
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